Manfreda virginica |
Manfreda |
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false aloe, rattlesnake master, Virginian agave |
tuberose |
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Habit | Plants perennial, scapose, rhizomatous; rhizomes upright, globose, or cylindrical. | |||||||||||||||||
Roots | fleshy or fibrous. |
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Rhizomes | cylindrical. |
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Stems | subterranean. |
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Leaves | spreading, semisucculent, 8–40(–47) × 0.5–6.5(–9.3) cm; blade usually spotted or speckled with maroon, shallowly channeled, oblanceolate to linear-lanceolate, margins entire or with cartilaginous prickles. |
in rosettes, flexible, thin or succulent; blade linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate, often glaucous, sometimes mottled, base membranous [fibrous in species of s Mexico], margins entire, papillose, or dentate, with cartilaginous teeth, apex a soft point. |
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Scape | 4.5 13.8 dm. |
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Inflorescences | 14–68 cm, bearing 10–61 closely spaced flowers. |
racemose or spikate, bracteate; proximal flowers occasionally pedicellate. |
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Flowers | sessile or pedicellate, nearly erect, slender, with sweet, fruity odor; tepals green; perianth tube 0.9–2.3 × 0.3–0.6 cm; limb lobes erect, 0.4–0.8 cm; filaments inserted near base of tube, bent in bud, exceeding tube by 1.2–3.1 cm; ovary 4–10 mm; style shorter than stamens, exceeding tube by 0.6–2.3 cm; stigma white, 3-lobed, lobes reflexed. |
usually solitary at node, nocturnal; tepals connate basally into tube, green, sometimes tinged with brown, or pale yellow, or white to pink; perianth tube narrowly to broadly funnelform; limb lobes erect or recurved, oblong; stamens 6; filaments inserted on tube, in bud straight or bent, usually exserted at anthesis; ovary inferior; style usually exserted at maturity; stigma capitate, 3-angled and furrowed, or 3-lobed with lobes reflexed. |
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Fruits | capsular, globose to cylindrical, dehiscence loculicidal. |
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Capsules | globose, 1–1.7 cm diam. 2n = 60. |
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Seeds | flat, triangular, 0.3–0.6 cm on radial margins. |
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x | = 30. |
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Manfreda virginica |
Manfreda |
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Phenology | Flowering summer–late summer, rarely in spring; fruiting late summer–early fall. | |||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Glades and open woods, on rocky and sandy soils, often on slopes | |||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–600 m (0–2000 ft) | |||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MO; MS; NC; OH; OK; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; Mexico (Nuevo León, Tamaulipas)
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se and sc United States; nw Mexico to Honduras and El Salvador |
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Discussion | Leaf shape and size in Manfreda virginica vary with soil type, amount of shade, length of cold period, and position of leaf in the rosette. Speckles and spots occur frequently on some leaves in most populations, and some authors have used the informal designation “forma tigrina for such variants. Pollination is primarily by sphinx moths (S. E. Verhoek 1978). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species 26 (5 in the flora). Most Manfreda species occur in Mexico. All species grow in rocky or sandy ground, frequently on slopes. At anther maturity, the style is shorter than the filaments, or bent downward away from the anthers. By stigma maturity on the third day, the style has elongated (and straightened). Manfreda has been included in both Agave and Polianthes in other floras. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 463. | FNA vol. 26, p. 462. | ||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Agavaceae > Manfreda | Agavaceae | ||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Agave virginica, Agave lata, Agave tigrina, Agave virginica var. tigrina, M. tigrina, M. virginica subsp. lata, M. virginica var. tigrina, Polianthes lata, Polianthes virginica | Agave section M. | ||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Salisbury ex Rose: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 8: 19. (1903) | Salisbury: Gen. Pl., 78. (1866) | ||||||||||||||||
Web links |