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American false mallow, Indian Valley false mallow

Habit Herbs, perennial, or subshrubs, (0.5–)1–2 m, often bushy-branched in distal 1/2.
Stems

erect, canescent, hairs tufted (not appressed), 6–8-rayed, infrequently glabrate.

Leaves

stipules persistent, lanceolate, subfalcate, 3–5 × 1 mm, apex acuminate;

petioles 35–80 mm on proximal leaves, reduced to 10–15 mm on distal leaves and usually on xerophytes;

blade wide-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, very shallowly 3-lobed in distal 1/2 or unlobed (in most plants in the flora area), varying from 5–12 × 4–10 cm on proximal leaves to 2–4 × 1.5–3 cm on distal leaves, usually 1–2 times longer than wide, 2 times longer than petiole of proximal leaves to 3–5 times longer on distal leaves, base slightly cordate or rounded to truncate or cuneate, margins dentate to denticulate, apex acute, surfaces stellate-hairy, hairs (5–)6–12-rayed.

Inflorescences

first 1 or 2 flowers solitary, axillary, remainder in dense terminal spikes 3–10 cm, these terminating each branch;

floral bracts 2-fid, 4–5 × 2 mm.

Pedicels

0.1–3 mm, not lengthening in fruit;

involucellar bractlets adnate basally to calyx for 1.5–2 mm, lanceolate, subfalcate, 5–7 × 0.8–1.5 mm, equaling to barely exceeding calyx lobes, apex acute to acuminate.

Flowers

calyx connate 1/4–1/3 its length, broadly campanulate, 5–6 mm, to 6–10 mm in fruit, surface densely hirsute, hairs scattered, appressed, apically directed, 1–1.5 mm, mixed with minute, closely appressed, 5–8-rayed, stellate hairs;

corolla wide-spreading, orange-yellow, 12–17 mm diam., petals obovate, shortly asymmetrically lobed, 6–10 × 4–6 mm, exceeding calyx by 2–3 mm;

staminal column 2–3 mm, stellate-puberulent;

style (9 or)10–15(–18)-branched.

Seeds

1.5 mm.

Schizocarps

4–6 mm diam.;

mericarps tardily shed from calyx, (9 or)10–15(–18), 1.5–3 × 1.5–2 × 0.8 mm, margins angled, sides radially ribbed, narrowly-notched, with 1 minute, proximal-apical mucro to 0.1 mm, minutely hirsute, hairs ascending, restricted to top, simple, 0.1–0.5 mm.

2n

= 24.

Malvastrum americanum

Phenology Flowering nearly year-round when sufficiently wet and warm; frost-sensitive.
Habitat Open, usually secondary and disturbed habitats, near coast
Elevation 0–100 m (0–300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; TX; Mexico; Central America; West Indies; South America (to Argentina) [Introduced in Asia (China), Africa (Cape Verde Island), Pacific Islands (Indonesia), Australia]
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Discussion

Plants of Malvastrum americanum from within the flora area tend to be shorter, and to have smaller, narrower unlobed leaves than those of the wet Tropics. The calyces and mericarps can attach easily to clothing and fur. The species is more cold-sensitive than M. coromandelianum and is not as widespread or weedy.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 6, p. 295.
Parent taxa Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Malvastrum
Sibling taxa
M. aurantiacum, M. bicuspidatum, M. corchorifolium, M. coromandelianum, M. hispidum
Synonyms Malva americana, M. spicata, M. spicatum
Name authority (Linnaeus) Torrey: in W. H. Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 38. (1859)
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