The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

alkali mallow, cheeseweed, cheeseweed mallow, little mallow, mauve parviflore, small-flower mallow, small-whorl mallow

Chinese mallow, cluster mallow, mauve verticillée, whorled mallow, whorled or cluster or Chinese or curled mallow

Habit Herbs, annual, 0.2–0.8 m. Herbs, annual, 0.5–2.5 m, glabrous or hairy, hairs usually stellate.
Stems

usually erect or ascending, rarely decumbent, wide-branched, glabrous or sparsely stellate-hairy distally.

erect, usually stellate-hairy.

Leaves

stipules persistent, broadly lanceolate, 4–5 × 2–3 mm;

petiole 2–3(–4) times as long as blade;

blade suborbiculate-cordate or reniform, mostly shallowly 5–7-lobed or angled, 2–8(–10) × 2–8(–10) cm, base cordate (to nearly truncate), lobes deltate or rounded, margins evenly crenate, apex rounded to broadly acute, surfaces glabrous or hairy, especially at base, hairs simple and stellate.

stipules persistent, ovate-triangular, slightly falcate, 4–7 × (2–)4–5 mm, usually papery;

petiole shorter than to equaling or longer than blade, surfaces often glabrate abaxially, stellate-hairy adaxially;

blade round to broadly reniform, unlobed or broadly, shallowly 5–7-lobed, 3–10(–25) × (2–)5–10(–25) cm, base cordate or sometimes ± not adnate to calyx, linear to lanceolate, reticulate-veined, 2–3 × 0.5 mm, to 6 × 1 mm in fruit, shorter than calyx, thin and translucent, margins entire, sparsely stellate-puberulent and ciliate.

Inflorescences

axillary, flowers solitary or in 2–4-flowered fascicles.

Pedicels

0.2–0.4 cm, usually to 1 cm in fruit, shorter than calyx;

involucellar bractlets distinct, not adnate to calyx, linear to filiform, (1–)2–3 × 0.3 mm, shorter than calyx, margins entire, surfaces glabrous or slightly ciliate.

Flowers

calyx 3–4.5 mm, to 7–8 mm in fruit, glabrous or stellate-hairy, lobes wide-spreading outward in fruit, orbiculate-deltate, reticulate-veined, apex often abruptly acuminate, short-ciliate or not, scarious in fruit;

petals white to pale lilac, drying pinkish or whitish, or faded, veins not darker, 3–4.5(–5) mm, subequal to or only slightly longer than calyx, glabrous;

staminal column 1.5 mm, glabrous;

style 10- or 11-branched;

stigmas 10 or 11.

calyx reticulate-veined, 4–6 mm, to 10 mm in fruit, lobes enclosing mericarps, papery, stellate-puberulent;

petals pale lilac to whitish with lavender-pink tips, drying pinkish or whitish, or faded, veins not darker, 5–8 mm, subequal to or longer than calyx;

staminal column 2 mm, usually sparsely hairy or glabrous, hairs minute;

style 8–11-branched;

stigmas 8–11 (same number as locules).

Seeds

1.5–2 mm.

2–2.5 mm.

Schizocarps

6–7 mm diam.;

mericarps 10 or 11, 2–2.5 mm, apical face strongly reticulate-wrinkled, sides appearing strongly, radially ribbed, margins sharp-edged, toothed, narrowly winged, surface glabrous or hairy.

7–9 mm diam.;

mericarps 8–11, 2.5–3 mm, glabrous, apical face smooth to obscurely reticulate at margins, not toothed or winged, lateral faces radially ribbed, very thin over seed.

2n

= 42.

= 84, 112.

Malva parviflora

Malva verticillata

Phenology Flowering year-round. Flowering (May–)Jul–Oct.
Habitat Disturbed, usually dry, warm sites Disturbed areas, old gardens, roadsides
Elevation 0–2500 m (0–8200 ft) 0–3000 m (0–9800 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; FL; GA; IA; ID; KS; LA; MA; MD; MO; MT; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OK; OR; SC; SD; TX; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; ON; PE; QC; SK; Eurasia (possibly as far east as India); n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, elsewhere in Africa, Pacific Islands, Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; IA; IL; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; PA; RI; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; Eurasia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America (Peru) and in temperate regions worldwide]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Malva parviflora is native in southwestern Europe and the Mediterranean region to India; it is commonly introduced in many parts of the world. It is distinguished from similar species by its short petals (often equaling the calyx), the lack of darker lines on the petals, and the wide-spreading calyx lobes in fruit. The sharp-edged or winged mericarp with a conspicuously reticulate-pitted surface is likewise distinctive.

Malva parviflora is more heat-tolerant than most Malva species. It is especially common as a weed from California to Texas. Northern records should be checked because some may be based upon waifs and others may be based on misidentifications. In some older floras, M. parviflora was confused with M. rotundifolia, a name rejected because of its inconsistent use for this as well as for M. pusilla and other species. It is sometimes cultivated as a forage crop in semi-arid regions.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Malva verticillata is commonly grown as a vegetable and medicinal herb. Variety verticillata is apparently native in eastern Asia, particularly China, and has a long history of cultivation there for use as a cooked vegetable and salad plant, and in traditional medicine. It differs from var. crispa Linnaeus in its flatter leaf blades and generally shorter stems. It has only rarely been found naturalized in North America; its garden use is increasing and it is becoming more frequently planted by eastern Asian immigrants. Variety crispa (with conspicuously undulate/ruffled/crisped leaves) is also grown as a vegetable and the leaves are sometimes used in salads. It is more commonly found as an escape or naturalized plant than the typical variety and it is sometimes treated as a species; it appears to be a selection derived from var. verticillata and is unknown in the wild. Variety crispa is more widely cultivated and naturalized in Europe and is naturalized in Asia.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 6, p. 291. FNA vol. 6, p. 293.
Parent taxa Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Malva Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Malva
Sibling taxa
M. alcea, M. arborea, M. assurgentiflora, M. moschata, M. neglecta, M. nicaeensis, M. pseudolavatera, M. pusilla, M. sylvestris, M. verticillata
M. alcea, M. arborea, M. assurgentiflora, M. moschata, M. neglecta, M. nicaeensis, M. parviflora, M. pseudolavatera, M. pusilla, M. sylvestris
Synonyms M. crispa, M. verticillata var. chinensis, M. verticillata var. crispa
Name authority Linnaeus: Demonstr. Pl., 18. (1753) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 689. (1753)
Web links