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alkali mallow, cheeseweed, cheeseweed mallow, little mallow, mauve parviflore, small-flower mallow, small-whorl mallow

hollyhock mallow, mauve alcée, vervain mallow

Habit Herbs, annual, 0.2–0.8 m. Herbs, perennial, 0.3–1.3 m, usually stellate-canescent.
Stems

usually erect or ascending, rarely decumbent, wide-branched, glabrous or sparsely stellate-hairy distally.

erect, sparsely hirsute proximally, stellate-hairy distally, hairs often pustulose.

Leaves

stipules persistent, broadly lanceolate, 4–5 × 2–3 mm;

petiole 2–3(–4) times as long as blade;

blade suborbiculate-cordate or reniform, mostly shallowly 5–7-lobed or angled, 2–8(–10) × 2–8(–10) cm, base cordate (to nearly truncate), lobes deltate or rounded, margins evenly crenate, apex rounded to broadly acute, surfaces glabrous or hairy, especially at base, hairs simple and stellate.

stipules deciduous, lanceolate, slightly falcate, 5(–10) × 1–2.5 mm, ciliate;

petioles of lower leaves 1.5–2.5 times as long as blade, reduced distally to 1/2 blade length, stellate-hairy;

blade 2–8 × 2–8 cm, base cordate to somewhat truncate, those most distal sometimes wide-cuneate, surfaces stellate-hairy, proximal leaf blades cordate-orbiculate, margins crenate to dentate, shallowly lobed, apex rounded, distal leaf blades deeply (3–)5-lobed, lobe margins obtusely dentate or pinnatifid, apex narrowly acute.

Inflorescences

axillary, flowers solitary or in 2–4-flowered fascicles.

axillary, flowers solitary or distal flowers in racemes.

Pedicels

0.2–0.4 cm, usually to 1 cm in fruit, shorter than calyx;

involucellar bractlets distinct, not adnate to calyx, linear to filiform, (1–)2–3 × 0.3 mm, shorter than calyx, margins entire, surfaces glabrous or slightly ciliate.

conspicuously jointed distally, 1.4–2 cm, not much longer in fruit;

involucellar bractlets distinct, not adnate to calyx, ovate or ovate-deltate to obovate, narrowed to base, 5–8(–12) × 2.5(–5) mm, shorter than calyx, margins entire, surfaces stellate-hairy or glabrate.

Flowers

calyx 3–4.5 mm, to 7–8 mm in fruit, glabrous or stellate-hairy, lobes wide-spreading outward in fruit, orbiculate-deltate, reticulate-veined, apex often abruptly acuminate, short-ciliate or not, scarious in fruit;

petals white to pale lilac, drying pinkish or whitish, or faded, veins not darker, 3–4.5(–5) mm, subequal to or only slightly longer than calyx, glabrous;

staminal column 1.5 mm, glabrous;

style 10- or 11-branched;

stigmas 10 or 11.

calyx 9–12(–15) mm, lobes enclosing mericarps, stellate-hairy;

petals usually bright pink, rarely white, 20–35 mm, length 2.5–3 times calyx;

staminal column 9–10 mm, sparsely stellate-hairy;

style 18–20-branched;

stigmas 18–20.

Seeds

1.5–2 mm.

brown, 2.5 mm.

Schizocarps

6–7 mm diam.;

mericarps 10 or 11, 2–2.5 mm, apical face strongly reticulate-wrinkled, sides appearing strongly, radially ribbed, margins sharp-edged, toothed, narrowly winged, surface glabrous or hairy.

4–8 mm diam.;

mericarps 18–20, black, 2.4–2.8 mm, apical surface and margins rounded, smooth or faintly ridged, glabrous or sparsely hairy.

2n

= 42.

= 84.

Malva parviflora

Malva alcea

Phenology Flowering year-round. Flowering Jun–Aug(–Sep).
Habitat Disturbed, usually dry, warm sites Disturbed areas, roadsides, old farm sites
Elevation 0–2500 m (0–8200 ft) 0–400 m (0–1300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; FL; GA; IA; ID; KS; LA; MA; MD; MO; MT; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OK; OR; SC; SD; TX; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; ON; PE; QC; SK; Eurasia (possibly as far east as India); n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, elsewhere in Africa, Pacific Islands, Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CT; ID; IN; MA; ME; MI; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; VT; WA; WI; NB; NS; ON; QC; SK; Europe; w Asia [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Malva parviflora is native in southwestern Europe and the Mediterranean region to India; it is commonly introduced in many parts of the world. It is distinguished from similar species by its short petals (often equaling the calyx), the lack of darker lines on the petals, and the wide-spreading calyx lobes in fruit. The sharp-edged or winged mericarp with a conspicuously reticulate-pitted surface is likewise distinctive.

Malva parviflora is more heat-tolerant than most Malva species. It is especially common as a weed from California to Texas. Northern records should be checked because some may be based upon waifs and others may be based on misidentifications. In some older floras, M. parviflora was confused with M. rotundifolia, a name rejected because of its inconsistent use for this as well as for M. pusilla and other species. It is sometimes cultivated as a forage crop in semi-arid regions.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Malva alcea is found in most of Europe, but is rare in the Mediterranean region, and barely extends into Turkey in western Asia. The leaf shape, indument, and shape and size of the petals are variable, the most extreme forms having deeply 2-fid petals and deeply divided distal leaves with narrow, almost simple lobes. It occasionally hybridizes with M. sylvestris (Malva ×egarensis Cadevall) and M. moschata (Malva ×intermedia Boreau).

Malva alcea is sparingly naturalized in North America, primarily in New England and around the Great Lakes into eastern Canada; it is sometimes cultivated as an ornamental and naturalizes locally.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 6, p. 291. FNA vol. 6, p. 287.
Parent taxa Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Malva Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Malva
Sibling taxa
M. alcea, M. arborea, M. assurgentiflora, M. moschata, M. neglecta, M. nicaeensis, M. pseudolavatera, M. pusilla, M. sylvestris, M. verticillata
M. arborea, M. assurgentiflora, M. moschata, M. neglecta, M. nicaeensis, M. parviflora, M. pseudolavatera, M. pusilla, M. sylvestris, M. verticillata
Synonyms M. alcea var. fastigiata
Name authority Linnaeus: Demonstr. Pl., 18. (1753) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 689. (1753)
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