Malva moschata |
Malva verticillata |
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mauve musquée, musk-mallow |
Chinese mallow, cluster mallow, mauve verticillée, whorled mallow, whorled or cluster or Chinese or curled mallow |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, 0.3–1.3 m, hairs usually spreading, simple, sometimes stellate-hairy distally. | Herbs, annual, 0.5–2.5 m, glabrous or hairy, hairs usually stellate. |
Stems | erect to ascending, sparsely hirsute proximally, stellate-hairy distally. |
erect, usually stellate-hairy. |
Leaves | stipules persistent, linear to narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 3–8 × 2–3 mm; petioles of proximal leaf blades 3 times as long as blade, reduced to 1/2 blade length distally, mid-stem petioles 2 times as long as blade, hairs simple; distal blades usually round to reniform, deeply 5–7-lobed, lobes acutely 2-pinnatifid, 2–6 × 5–6 cm, base deeply cordate, margins irregularly toothed, apex rounded, obtuse, or acute, surfaces glabrous or sparsely hairy, hairs simple or stellate. |
stipules persistent, ovate-triangular, slightly falcate, 4–7 × (2–)4–5 mm, usually papery; petiole shorter than to equaling or longer than blade, surfaces often glabrate abaxially, stellate-hairy adaxially; blade round to broadly reniform, unlobed or broadly, shallowly 5–7-lobed, 3–10(–25) × (2–)5–10(–25) cm, base cordate or sometimes ± not adnate to calyx, linear to lanceolate, reticulate-veined, 2–3 × 0.5 mm, to 6 × 1 mm in fruit, shorter than calyx, thin and translucent, margins entire, sparsely stellate-puberulent and ciliate. |
Inflorescences | axillary, flowers solitary or in fascicles, often appearing short-racemose or subumbellate terminally, long-stalked. |
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Pedicels | (0.5–)0.8–2.5 cm, to 10–35 cm in fruit, hairs simple; involucellar bractlets distinct, not adnate to calyx, linear to narrowly oblanceolate or elliptic, 5 × 1–1.5 mm, to 7–8 mm in fruit, length 1/2 calyx, margins entire, surfaces glabrous or sparsely hirsute and long-ciliate. |
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Flowers | calyx reticulate-veined, 6–8 mm, to 15 mm in fruit, outer surface hairy, hairs both simple and stellate; petals bright pink to pale purple or white, 20–35 mm, length 2.5–3 times calyx; staminal column 7–8(–10) mm, glabrate; style 11–15-branched; stigmas 11–15. |
calyx reticulate-veined, 4–6 mm, to 10 mm in fruit, lobes enclosing mericarps, papery, stellate-puberulent; petals pale lilac to whitish with lavender-pink tips, drying pinkish or whitish, or faded, veins not darker, 5–8 mm, subequal to or longer than calyx; staminal column 2 mm, usually sparsely hairy or glabrous, hairs minute; style 8–11-branched; stigmas 8–11 (same number as locules). |
Seeds | 1.2–1.5 mm. |
2–2.5 mm. |
Schizocarps | 9–11 mm diam.; mericarps 11–15, black, 1.5–2 mm, apical face and margins rounded, sides thin and papery, smooth, surfaces densely hirsute at least apically. |
7–9 mm diam.; mericarps 8–11, 2.5–3 mm, glabrous, apical face smooth to obscurely reticulate at margins, not toothed or winged, lateral faces radially ribbed, very thin over seed. |
2n | = 42. |
= 84, 112. |
Malva moschata |
Malva verticillata |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Oct. | Flowering (May–)Jul–Oct. |
Habitat | Disturbed areas, roadsides | Disturbed areas, old gardens, roadsides |
Elevation | 0–1300 m (0–4300 ft) | 0–3000 m (0–9800 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; DC; DE; ID; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MT; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; TN; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Europe; sw Asia (Turkey); n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America (Chile), Australia]
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AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; IA; IL; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; PA; RI; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; Eurasia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America (Peru) and in temperate regions worldwide]
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Discussion | Malva moschata is native from Spain to the British Isles, Poland, southern Russia, and Turkey. It has become naturalized in North America, especially in temperate northern and coastal areas. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental and frequently escapes. It occasionally hybridizes with M. sylvestris (Malva ×inodora Ponert) and M. alcea (Malva ×intermedia Boreau). It is similar to M. alcea, from which it can be distinguished by its narrower involucellar bractlets and densely hirsute mericarps. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Malva verticillata is commonly grown as a vegetable and medicinal herb. Variety verticillata is apparently native in eastern Asia, particularly China, and has a long history of cultivation there for use as a cooked vegetable and salad plant, and in traditional medicine. It differs from var. crispa Linnaeus in its flatter leaf blades and generally shorter stems. It has only rarely been found naturalized in North America; its garden use is increasing and it is becoming more frequently planted by eastern Asian immigrants. Variety crispa (with conspicuously undulate/ruffled/crisped leaves) is also grown as a vegetable and the leaves are sometimes used in salads. It is more commonly found as an escape or naturalized plant than the typical variety and it is sometimes treated as a species; it appears to be a selection derived from var. verticillata and is unknown in the wild. Variety crispa is more widely cultivated and naturalized in Europe and is naturalized in Asia. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 289. | FNA vol. 6, p. 293. |
Parent taxa | Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Malva | Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Malva |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | M. crispa, M. verticillata var. chinensis, M. verticillata var. crispa | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 690. (1753) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 689. (1753) |
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