Malva moschata |
Malva alcea |
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mauve musquée, musk-mallow |
hollyhock mallow, mauve alcée, vervain mallow |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, 0.3–1.3 m, hairs usually spreading, simple, sometimes stellate-hairy distally. | Herbs, perennial, 0.3–1.3 m, usually stellate-canescent. |
Stems | erect to ascending, sparsely hirsute proximally, stellate-hairy distally. |
erect, sparsely hirsute proximally, stellate-hairy distally, hairs often pustulose. |
Leaves | stipules persistent, linear to narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 3–8 × 2–3 mm; petioles of proximal leaf blades 3 times as long as blade, reduced to 1/2 blade length distally, mid-stem petioles 2 times as long as blade, hairs simple; distal blades usually round to reniform, deeply 5–7-lobed, lobes acutely 2-pinnatifid, 2–6 × 5–6 cm, base deeply cordate, margins irregularly toothed, apex rounded, obtuse, or acute, surfaces glabrous or sparsely hairy, hairs simple or stellate. |
stipules deciduous, lanceolate, slightly falcate, 5(–10) × 1–2.5 mm, ciliate; petioles of lower leaves 1.5–2.5 times as long as blade, reduced distally to 1/2 blade length, stellate-hairy; blade 2–8 × 2–8 cm, base cordate to somewhat truncate, those most distal sometimes wide-cuneate, surfaces stellate-hairy, proximal leaf blades cordate-orbiculate, margins crenate to dentate, shallowly lobed, apex rounded, distal leaf blades deeply (3–)5-lobed, lobe margins obtusely dentate or pinnatifid, apex narrowly acute. |
Inflorescences | axillary, flowers solitary or in fascicles, often appearing short-racemose or subumbellate terminally, long-stalked. |
axillary, flowers solitary or distal flowers in racemes. |
Pedicels | (0.5–)0.8–2.5 cm, to 10–35 cm in fruit, hairs simple; involucellar bractlets distinct, not adnate to calyx, linear to narrowly oblanceolate or elliptic, 5 × 1–1.5 mm, to 7–8 mm in fruit, length 1/2 calyx, margins entire, surfaces glabrous or sparsely hirsute and long-ciliate. |
conspicuously jointed distally, 1.4–2 cm, not much longer in fruit; involucellar bractlets distinct, not adnate to calyx, ovate or ovate-deltate to obovate, narrowed to base, 5–8(–12) × 2.5(–5) mm, shorter than calyx, margins entire, surfaces stellate-hairy or glabrate. |
Flowers | calyx reticulate-veined, 6–8 mm, to 15 mm in fruit, outer surface hairy, hairs both simple and stellate; petals bright pink to pale purple or white, 20–35 mm, length 2.5–3 times calyx; staminal column 7–8(–10) mm, glabrate; style 11–15-branched; stigmas 11–15. |
calyx 9–12(–15) mm, lobes enclosing mericarps, stellate-hairy; petals usually bright pink, rarely white, 20–35 mm, length 2.5–3 times calyx; staminal column 9–10 mm, sparsely stellate-hairy; style 18–20-branched; stigmas 18–20. |
Seeds | 1.2–1.5 mm. |
brown, 2.5 mm. |
Schizocarps | 9–11 mm diam.; mericarps 11–15, black, 1.5–2 mm, apical face and margins rounded, sides thin and papery, smooth, surfaces densely hirsute at least apically. |
4–8 mm diam.; mericarps 18–20, black, 2.4–2.8 mm, apical surface and margins rounded, smooth or faintly ridged, glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
2n | = 42. |
= 84. |
Malva moschata |
Malva alcea |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Oct. | Flowering Jun–Aug(–Sep). |
Habitat | Disturbed areas, roadsides | Disturbed areas, roadsides, old farm sites |
Elevation | 0–1300 m (0–4300 ft) | 0–400 m (0–1300 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; DC; DE; ID; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MT; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; TN; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Europe; sw Asia (Turkey); n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America (Chile), Australia]
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CT; ID; IN; MA; ME; MI; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; VT; WA; WI; NB; NS; ON; QC; SK; Europe; w Asia [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | Malva moschata is native from Spain to the British Isles, Poland, southern Russia, and Turkey. It has become naturalized in North America, especially in temperate northern and coastal areas. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental and frequently escapes. It occasionally hybridizes with M. sylvestris (Malva ×inodora Ponert) and M. alcea (Malva ×intermedia Boreau). It is similar to M. alcea, from which it can be distinguished by its narrower involucellar bractlets and densely hirsute mericarps. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Malva alcea is found in most of Europe, but is rare in the Mediterranean region, and barely extends into Turkey in western Asia. The leaf shape, indument, and shape and size of the petals are variable, the most extreme forms having deeply 2-fid petals and deeply divided distal leaves with narrow, almost simple lobes. It occasionally hybridizes with M. sylvestris (Malva ×egarensis Cadevall) and M. moschata (Malva ×intermedia Boreau). Malva alcea is sparingly naturalized in North America, primarily in New England and around the Great Lakes into eastern Canada; it is sometimes cultivated as an ornamental and naturalizes locally. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 289. | FNA vol. 6, p. 287. |
Parent taxa | Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Malva | Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Malva |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | M. alcea var. fastigiata | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 690. (1753) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 689. (1753) |
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