Malva arborea |
Malva verticillata |
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|---|---|---|
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tree mallow |
Chinese mallow, cluster mallow, mauve verticillée, whorled mallow, whorled or cluster or Chinese or curled mallow |
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| Habit | Herbs, biennial or perennial, or subshrubs, 1–3 m, stellate-tomentose. | Herbs, annual, 0.5–2.5 m, glabrous or hairy, hairs usually stellate. |
| Stems | erect, base usually woody. |
erect, usually stellate-hairy. |
| Leaves | stipules deciduous, ovate, 4–5 × 2–3 mm, papery, apex acute to obtuse, sparsely stellate-hairy and ciliate; petiole longer than blade; blade rounded, shallowly and unequally 5–7(–9)-lobed (lobes obtuse), 5–20 × 5–20 cm, base cordate, margins crenate, apex obtuse to rounded, surfaces densely soft stellate-hairy especially abaxially. |
stipules persistent, ovate-triangular, slightly falcate, 4–7 × (2–)4–5 mm, usually papery; petiole shorter than to equaling or longer than blade, surfaces often glabrate abaxially, stellate-hairy adaxially; blade round to broadly reniform, unlobed or broadly, shallowly 5–7-lobed, 3–10(–25) × (2–)5–10(–25) cm, base cordate or sometimes ± not adnate to calyx, linear to lanceolate, reticulate-veined, 2–3 × 0.5 mm, to 6 × 1 mm in fruit, shorter than calyx, thin and translucent, margins entire, sparsely stellate-puberulent and ciliate. |
| Inflorescences | axillary, flowers in fascicles. |
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| Pedicels | jointed distally, 0.5–1 cm, not much longer in fruit; involucellar bractlets connate in proximal 1/3, adnate to calyx, lobes broadly ovate to round, 8 × 5–6 mm, longer than calyx, margins entire, apex acute or obtuse, surfaces stellate-hairy. |
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| Flowers | calyx 3–4 mm, not much enlarged in fruit, densely stellate-canescent; petals rose to lavender with 5 darker veins, dark purple basally, 15–20 mm, length 4–5 times calyx, apex emarginate; staminal column 8–10 mm, glabrous proximally, stellate-hairy distally; anthers purplish; style (6–)8(or 9)-branched; stigmas (6–)8(or 9). |
calyx reticulate-veined, 4–6 mm, to 10 mm in fruit, lobes enclosing mericarps, papery, stellate-puberulent; petals pale lilac to whitish with lavender-pink tips, drying pinkish or whitish, or faded, veins not darker, 5–8 mm, subequal to or longer than calyx; staminal column 2 mm, usually sparsely hairy or glabrous, hairs minute; style 8–11-branched; stigmas 8–11 (same number as locules). |
| Seeds | dark brown, 3 mm. |
2–2.5 mm. |
| Schizocarps | 8–10 mm diam.; mericarps (6–)8(or 9), 4–5 mm, margins sharp-angled, apical surface and sides ridged, surfaces glabrous or hairy. |
7–9 mm diam.; mericarps 8–11, 2.5–3 mm, glabrous, apical face smooth to obscurely reticulate at margins, not toothed or winged, lateral faces radially ribbed, very thin over seed. |
| 2n | = 36, 40, 42, 44. |
= 84, 112. |
Malva arborea |
Malva verticillata |
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| Phenology | Flowering Apr–May(–Sep). | Flowering (May–)Jul–Oct. |
| Habitat | Disturbed areas, coastal bluffs, dunes | Disturbed areas, old gardens, roadsides |
| Elevation | 0–200 m [0–700 ft] | 0–3000 m [0–9800 ft] |
| Distribution |
CA; OR; Europe; Pacific Islands (New Zealand); Australia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico (Baja California), Africa (Libya), Atlantic Islands (Canary Islands)]
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AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; IA; IL; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; PA; RI; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; Eurasia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America (Peru) and in temperate regions worldwide]
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| Discussion | Malva arborea is infrequently cultivated as a garden ornamental. It is traditionally placed in Lavatera and has three prominent, spreading, rounded, earlike involucellar bractlets and inconspicuous sepals. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Malva verticillata is commonly grown as a vegetable and medicinal herb. Variety verticillata is apparently native in eastern Asia, particularly China, and has a long history of cultivation there for use as a cooked vegetable and salad plant, and in traditional medicine. It differs from var. crispa Linnaeus in its flatter leaf blades and generally shorter stems. It has only rarely been found naturalized in North America; its garden use is increasing and it is becoming more frequently planted by eastern Asian immigrants. Variety crispa (with conspicuously undulate/ruffled/crisped leaves) is also grown as a vegetable and the leaves are sometimes used in salads. It is more commonly found as an escape or naturalized plant than the typical variety and it is sometimes treated as a species; it appears to be a selection derived from var. verticillata and is unknown in the wild. Variety crispa is more widely cultivated and naturalized in Europe and is naturalized in Asia. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
| Parent taxa | ||
| Sibling taxa | ||
| Synonyms | Lavatera arborea | M. crispa, M. verticillata var. chinensis, M. verticillata var. crispa |
| Name authority | (Linnaeus) Webb & Berthelot: Hist. Nat. Îles Canaries 3(2,1): 30. (1836) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 689. (1753) |
| Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 288. | FNA vol. 6, p. 293. |
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