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tree mallow

dwarf mallow, low mallow, mauve à feuilles rondes, small mallow

Habit Herbs, biennial or perennial, or subshrubs, 1–3 m, stellate-tomentose. Herbs, usually annual, rarely biennial or perennial, 0.2–0.6 m, trailing stems sometimes to 1 m, sparsely hairy, hairs usually simple and stellate.
Stems

erect, base usually woody.

trailing to ascending, hairs usually both simple and stellate.

Leaves

stipules deciduous, ovate, 4–5 × 2–3 mm, papery, apex acute to obtuse, sparsely stellate-hairy and ciliate;

petiole longer than blade;

blade rounded, shallowly and unequally 5–7(–9)-lobed (lobes obtuse), 5–20 × 5–20 cm, base cordate, margins crenate, apex obtuse to rounded, surfaces densely soft stellate-hairy especially abaxially.

stipules persistent, narrowly to ovate-triangular, 3–5(–6) × 2–3 mm;

petiole on proximal and midstem leaves to 3 times as long as blade, usually 2 times longer on distal leaves, sparsely hairy, hairs simple and stellate;

blade cordate to broadly reniform, unlobed or broadly and very shallowly 5-lobed, 1–5 × 1–5 cm, base cordate, margins finely crenate or dentate, apex rounded, surfaces glabrous or sparsely stellate-hairy.

Inflorescences

axillary, flowers in fascicles.

axillary, flowers solitary or in 2–10-flowered fascicles (compact cymes), obviously stalked.

Pedicels

jointed distally, 0.5–1 cm, not much longer in fruit;

involucellar bractlets connate in proximal 1/3, adnate to calyx, lobes broadly ovate to round, 8 × 5–6 mm, longer than calyx, margins entire, apex acute or obtuse, surfaces stellate-hairy.

0.4–0.5 cm, to 1–2.4 cm in fruit, slender and flexible, sparsely hairy, hairs simple and stellate;

involucellar bractlets distinct, not adnate to calyx, linear to lanceolate, 3–4 × 0.5 mm, shorter than calyx, margins entire, surfaces sparsely ciliate and stellate-puberulent.

Flowers

calyx 3–4 mm, not much enlarged in fruit, densely stellate-canescent;

petals rose to lavender with 5 darker veins, dark purple basally, 15–20 mm, length 4–5 times calyx, apex emarginate;

staminal column 8–10 mm, glabrous proximally, stellate-hairy distally;

anthers purplish;

style (6–)8(or 9)-branched;

stigmas (6–)8(or 9).

calyx 3–5 mm, 5–6 mm in fruit, lobes incompletely enclosing mericarps, mostly hispid, hairs both simple and stellate, conspicuously long-ciliate, lobes not obviously veined;

petals pale pink or nearly white, drying pinkish or whitish, or faded, veins not darker, 3–6 mm, subequal to slightly longer than calyx;

staminal column 1–1.5 mm, glabrous;

style 10- or 11-branched;

stigmas 10 or 11.

Seeds

dark brown, 3 mm.

1–1.5 mm.

Schizocarps

8–10 mm diam.;

mericarps (6–)8(or 9), 4–5 mm, margins sharp-angled, apical surface and sides ridged, surfaces glabrous or hairy.

5–7 mm diam.;

mericarps 10 or 11, 1.5–2 mm, margins sharply angled, toothed, not winged, lateral faces radially veined, apical surface strongly rugose-reticulate ridged, surface glabrate or sparsely stellate-puberulent.

2n

= 36, 40, 42, 44.

= 42.

Malva arborea

Malva pusilla

Phenology Flowering Apr–May(–Sep). Flowering May–Oct.
Habitat Disturbed areas, coastal bluffs, dunes Disturbed sites
Elevation 0–200 m [0–700 ft] 100–1000 m [300–3300 ft]
Distribution
map from FNA
CA; OR; Europe; Pacific Islands (New Zealand); Australia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico (Baja California), Africa (Libya), Atlantic Islands (Canary Islands)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
map from FNA
IA; IL; KS; MA; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; OR; PA; SD; VA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; Europe [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Malva arborea is infrequently cultivated as a garden ornamental. It is traditionally placed in Lavatera and has three prominent, spreading, rounded, earlike involucellar bractlets and inconspicuous sepals.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Malva pusilla appears to be more cold-tolerant than M. neglecta and is often confused with it and tends to replace it in the north. In most older treatments, it was included within M. rotundifolia, a name rejected because of its inconsistent use for this as well as for M. neglecta and other species. Reports of M. pusilla in older floras of California and some southern states probably are based on misidentifications. It is found only occasionally but it is probably more widely distributed in the flora area than the records indicate.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Parent taxa Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Malva Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Malva
Sibling taxa
M. alcea, M. assurgentiflora, M. moschata, M. neglecta, M. nicaeensis, M. parviflora, M. pseudolavatera, M. pusilla, M. sylvestris, M. verticillata
M. alcea, M. arborea, M. assurgentiflora, M. moschata, M. neglecta, M. nicaeensis, M. parviflora, M. pseudolavatera, M. sylvestris, M. verticillata
Synonyms Lavatera arborea
Name authority (Linnaeus) Webb & Berthelot: Hist. Nat. Îles Canaries 3(2,1): 30. (1836) Smith: in J. E. Smith et al., Engl. Bot. 4: plate 241. (1795)
Source FNA vol. 6, p. 288. Treatment author: Steven R. Hill. FNA vol. 6, p. 292. Treatment author: Steven R. Hill.
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