Malaxis monophyllos |
Malaxis spicata |
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Adder's-mouth orchid, one-leaf malaxis, white Adder's-mouth |
Florida Adder's-mouth, Florida Adder's-mouth orchid |
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Habit | Plants 3–25(–30) cm. | Plants (7–)10–29(–45) cm. | ||||
Leaves | within proximal 1/3 of stem; blade narrowly to broadly elliptic. |
2–3, within proximal 1/3 of stem; blade ovate, suborbiculate, or elliptic, 2.2–9(–10) × 1.4–5(–5.5) cm. |
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Inflorescences | spicate racemes, 1–12 cm. |
racemes, 1.6–13(–24) cm; floral bracts triangular, 1–3 mm; pedicels 5–10 mm. |
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Flowers | 5–80, resupinate or not; sepals lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, margins revolute or not, apex acuminate; petals reflexed, filiform to linear or linear-lanceolate, apex rounded; lip ovate to broadly triangular, concave, base truncate, with forward-directed lobes, apex unlobed, acuminate; column 0.4–0.8 × 0.4–0.8 mm; pollinia yellow. |
6–150, not resupinate, green with lip also green or pale yellow, brown, orange, or vermillion; dorsal sepal reflexed, ovate, 3–3.5 × 1.5–2 mm, apex acuminate; lateral sepals reflexed, elliptic or lanceolate, 2.5–3 × 1–1.5 mm, apex acuminate; petals strongly reflexed, linear, crossing behind flower, 1.5–2.5 × 0.2–0.3 mm, apex rounded; lip ovate, 2.5–2.9(–4) × 2–3.3 mm, base prominently cordate-auriculate, nearly surrounding column, apex unlobed, acute; column 0.6–1 × 0.6–1 mm; pollinia yellow. |
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Capsules | ascending, ellipsoid, 5 × 3 mm. |
erect, ovoid, 8 × 4 mm. |
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Pseudobulbs | 5–10 mm diam. |
5–20 mm diam. |
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Malaxis monophyllos |
Malaxis spicata |
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Phenology | Flowering winter–early fall. | |||||
Habitat | Hammocks and swamps, sometimes semiepiphytic on tree bases | |||||
Elevation | 0–100 m (0–300 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
n North America; Eurasia
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FL; GA; NC; SC; VA; n West Indies
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
To some extent the lip color is dependent upon flower age. Plants bloom in Florida from August to February; in Virginia, in June, July, and August; and in Pennsylvania in September. The extent to which the different flowering times are associated with groups that differ in other respects has yet to be determined, and the nature of variation in this species deserves more study. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 629. | FNA vol. 26, p. 628. | ||||
Parent taxa | Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Malaxideae > Malaxis | Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Malaxideae > Malaxis | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Ophrys monophyllos | Achroanthes floridana, M. floridana, Microstylis spicata | ||||
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Swartz: Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 21: 234. (1800) | Swartz: Prodr., 119. (1788) | ||||
Web links |