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Adder's-mouth orchid, one-leaf malaxis, white Adder's-mouth

Florida Adder's-mouth, Florida Adder's-mouth orchid

Habit Plants 3–25(–30) cm. Plants (7–)10–29(–45) cm.
Leaves

within proximal 1/3 of stem;

blade narrowly to broadly elliptic.

2–3, within proximal 1/3 of stem;

blade ovate, suborbiculate, or elliptic, 2.2–9(–10) × 1.4–5(–5.5) cm.

Inflorescences

spicate racemes, 1–12 cm.

racemes, 1.6–13(–24) cm;

floral bracts triangular, 1–3 mm;

pedicels 5–10 mm.

Flowers

5–80, resupinate or not;

sepals lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, margins revolute or not, apex acuminate;

petals reflexed, filiform to linear or linear-lanceolate, apex rounded;

lip ovate to broadly triangular, concave, base truncate, with forward-directed lobes, apex unlobed, acuminate;

column 0.4–0.8 × 0.4–0.8 mm;

pollinia yellow.

6–150, not resupinate, green with lip also green or pale yellow, brown, orange, or vermillion;

dorsal sepal reflexed, ovate, 3–3.5 × 1.5–2 mm, apex acuminate;

lateral sepals reflexed, elliptic or lanceolate, 2.5–3 × 1–1.5 mm, apex acuminate;

petals strongly reflexed, linear, crossing behind flower, 1.5–2.5 × 0.2–0.3 mm, apex rounded;

lip ovate, 2.5–2.9(–4) × 2–3.3 mm, base prominently cordate-auriculate, nearly surrounding column, apex unlobed, acute;

column 0.6–1 × 0.6–1 mm;

pollinia yellow.

Capsules

ascending, ellipsoid, 5 × 3 mm.

erect, ovoid, 8 × 4 mm.

Pseudobulbs

5–10 mm diam.

5–20 mm diam.

Malaxis monophyllos

Malaxis spicata

Phenology Flowering winter–early fall.
Habitat Hammocks and swamps, sometimes semiepiphytic on tree bases
Elevation 0–100 m (0–300 ft)
Distribution
from USDA
n North America; Eurasia
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL; GA; NC; SC; VA; n West Indies
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

To some extent the lip color is dependent upon flower age. Plants bloom in Florida from August to February; in Virginia, in June, July, and August; and in Pennsylvania in September. The extent to which the different flowering times are associated with groups that differ in other respects has yet to be determined, and the nature of variation in this species deserves more study.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Flowers not resupinate.
var. monophyllos
1. Flowers resupinate.
var. brachypoda
Source FNA vol. 26, p. 629. FNA vol. 26, p. 628.
Parent taxa Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Malaxideae > Malaxis Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Malaxideae > Malaxis
Sibling taxa
M. abieticola, M. bayardii, M. corymbosa, M. paludosa, M. porphyrea, M. soulei, M. spicata, M. unifolia, M. wendtii
M. abieticola, M. bayardii, M. corymbosa, M. monophyllos, M. paludosa, M. porphyrea, M. soulei, M. unifolia, M. wendtii
Subordinate taxa
M. monophyllos var. brachypoda, M. monophyllos var. monophyllos
Synonyms Ophrys monophyllos Achroanthes floridana, M. floridana, Microstylis spicata
Name authority (Linnaeus) Swartz: Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 21: 234. (1800) Swartz: Prodr., 119. (1788)
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