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dune malacothrix, dunedelion

Cleveland's desert dandelion, Cleveland's malacothrix

Habit Perennials, 12–70 cm (often mounded). Annuals, 4–36 cm.
Stems

1, branched proximally and distally, usually tomentose, sometimes glabrous.

1–5, erect or ascending, branched mostly distally, glabrous.

Cauline leaves

proximal obovate to narrowly spatulate, sometimes pinnately lobed (lobes 1–2+ pairs, subequal, apices obtuse), sometimes ± fleshy, margins usually obtuse-lobed, sometimes entire;

distal not notably reduced (similar to others).

proximal oblanceolate to lance-linear, sometimes pinnately lobed, not fleshy, ultimate margins usually dentate, faces glabrous;

distal reduced (margins 2–4-dentate near bases or entire).

Involucres

10–14 × 4–8+ mm.

narrowly campanulate, 4–8+ × 2–4+ mm.

Receptacles

not bristly.

not bristly.

Florets

47–99;

corollas medium yellow, 11–20 mm;

outer ligules exserted 5–10 mm.

(19–67);

corollas pale yellow, 4–7.4 mm;

outer ligules exserted 1–3 mm.

Phyllaries

16–30 in 2–3 series, (red-tinged) lanceolate or oblong to linear, hyaline margins 0.05–0.1 mm wide, faces glabrous.

8–15+ in 2+ series, lance-linear to linear, ± equal, hyaline margins 0.05–0.3 mm wide, abaxial faces glabrous.

Calyculi

of 5–16+, ovate to lanceolate bractlets, hyaline margins 0.05–0.2 mm.

of 5–12, lance-deltate to lanceolate bractlets, hyaline margins 0.05–0.2 mm.

Cypselae

usually cylindro-fusiform, sometimes weakly prismatic, 1.5–2.2 mm, ribs extending to apices, ± equal;

persistent pappi 0.

fusiform or prismatic, 1.2–1.8 mm, ribs extending to apices, 5 more prominent than others;

persistent pappi of 15–24+, needlelike teeth plus 1 bristle.

Pollen

70–100% 3-porate.

70–100% 3-porate, mean 25 µm. 2n = 14.

2n

= 14.

Malacothrix incana

Malacothrix clevelandii

Phenology Flowering Jan–Dec. Flowering Mar–Jun.
Habitat Coastal dunes Cleared areas (burns, slides), usually chaparral, rarely margins of creosote bush shrub
Elevation 0–10(–100) m (0–0(–300) ft) 20–1500 m (100–4900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; Mexico (Baja California) [Introduced, South America (Argentina, Chile)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Malacothrix incana, a dune endemic, grows currently on the coastal mainland in Santa Barbara and San Luis Obispo counties, and on San Miguel, San Nicolas, Santa Cruz, and Santa Rosa islands. Its nomenclatural type specimen was collected at San Diego, probably from the Silver Strand dune areas on Coronado Island.

Populations of a glabrous form, var. succulenta, occur in Santa Barbara County (e.g., Casmalia Beach) and San Luis Obispo County (e.g., west of Oso Flaco Lake). Glabrous forms and tomentose forms grow together on San Miguel and San Nicolas islands.

Extensive hybridization between Malacothrix incana and M. foliosa subsp. polycephala occurs on San Nicolas Island where dunes have extended into areas of normal soil, particularly along the western and southwestern portions of the island.

Hybridization between Malacothrix incana and M. saxatilis var. implicata occurs on San Miguel Island on east-facing slopes above Cuyler Harbor.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Malacothrix clevelandii grows in northwestern California, Sierra Nevada foothills, San Joaquin Valley, central western California, and northern Channel Islands (Santa Rosa Island).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 19, p. 316. FNA vol. 19, p. 313.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Malacothrix Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Malacothrix
Sibling taxa
M. californica, M. clevelandii, M. coulteri, M. fendleri, M. floccifera, M. foliosa, M. glabrata, M. indecora, M. junakii, M. phaeocarpa, M. saxatilis, M. similis, M. sonchoides, M. sonorae, M. squalida, M. stebbinsii, M. torreyi
M. californica, M. coulteri, M. fendleri, M. floccifera, M. foliosa, M. glabrata, M. incana, M. indecora, M. junakii, M. phaeocarpa, M. saxatilis, M. similis, M. sonchoides, M. sonorae, M. squalida, M. stebbinsii, M. torreyi
Synonyms Malacomeris incanus, M. incana var. succulenta, M. succulenta Crepis geisseana, M. senecioides
Name authority (Nuttall) Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 2: 486. (1843) A. Gray: in W. H. Brewer et al., Bot. California 1: 433. (1876)
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