Malacothrix incana |
Malacothrix clevelandii |
|
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dune malacothrix, dunedelion |
Cleveland's desert dandelion, Cleveland's malacothrix |
|
Habit | Perennials, 12–70 cm (often mounded). | Annuals, 4–36 cm. |
Stems | 1, branched proximally and distally, usually tomentose, sometimes glabrous. |
1–5, erect or ascending, branched mostly distally, glabrous. |
Cauline leaves | proximal obovate to narrowly spatulate, sometimes pinnately lobed (lobes 1–2+ pairs, subequal, apices obtuse), sometimes ± fleshy, margins usually obtuse-lobed, sometimes entire; distal not notably reduced (similar to others). |
proximal oblanceolate to lance-linear, sometimes pinnately lobed, not fleshy, ultimate margins usually dentate, faces glabrous; distal reduced (margins 2–4-dentate near bases or entire). |
Involucres | 10–14 × 4–8+ mm. |
narrowly campanulate, 4–8+ × 2–4+ mm. |
Receptacles | not bristly. |
not bristly. |
Florets | 47–99; corollas medium yellow, 11–20 mm; outer ligules exserted 5–10 mm. |
(19–67); corollas pale yellow, 4–7.4 mm; outer ligules exserted 1–3 mm. |
Phyllaries | 16–30 in 2–3 series, (red-tinged) lanceolate or oblong to linear, hyaline margins 0.05–0.1 mm wide, faces glabrous. |
8–15+ in 2+ series, lance-linear to linear, ± equal, hyaline margins 0.05–0.3 mm wide, abaxial faces glabrous. |
Calyculi | of 5–16+, ovate to lanceolate bractlets, hyaline margins 0.05–0.2 mm. |
of 5–12, lance-deltate to lanceolate bractlets, hyaline margins 0.05–0.2 mm. |
Cypselae | usually cylindro-fusiform, sometimes weakly prismatic, 1.5–2.2 mm, ribs extending to apices, ± equal; persistent pappi 0. |
fusiform or prismatic, 1.2–1.8 mm, ribs extending to apices, 5 more prominent than others; persistent pappi of 15–24+, needlelike teeth plus 1 bristle. |
Pollen | 70–100% 3-porate. |
70–100% 3-porate, mean 25 µm. 2n = 14. |
2n | = 14. |
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Malacothrix incana |
Malacothrix clevelandii |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jan–Dec. | Flowering Mar–Jun. |
Habitat | Coastal dunes | Cleared areas (burns, slides), usually chaparral, rarely margins of creosote bush shrub |
Elevation | 0–10(–100) m (0–0(–300) ft) | 20–1500 m (100–4900 ft) |
Distribution |
CA
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CA; Mexico (Baja California) [Introduced, South America (Argentina, Chile)]
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Discussion | Malacothrix incana, a dune endemic, grows currently on the coastal mainland in Santa Barbara and San Luis Obispo counties, and on San Miguel, San Nicolas, Santa Cruz, and Santa Rosa islands. Its nomenclatural type specimen was collected at San Diego, probably from the Silver Strand dune areas on Coronado Island. Populations of a glabrous form, var. succulenta, occur in Santa Barbara County (e.g., Casmalia Beach) and San Luis Obispo County (e.g., west of Oso Flaco Lake). Glabrous forms and tomentose forms grow together on San Miguel and San Nicolas islands. Extensive hybridization between Malacothrix incana and M. foliosa subsp. polycephala occurs on San Nicolas Island where dunes have extended into areas of normal soil, particularly along the western and southwestern portions of the island. Hybridization between Malacothrix incana and M. saxatilis var. implicata occurs on San Miguel Island on east-facing slopes above Cuyler Harbor. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Malacothrix clevelandii grows in northwestern California, Sierra Nevada foothills, San Joaquin Valley, central western California, and northern Channel Islands (Santa Rosa Island). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 19, p. 316. | FNA vol. 19, p. 313. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Malacothrix | Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Malacothrix |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Malacomeris incanus, M. incana var. succulenta, M. succulenta | Crepis geisseana, M. senecioides |
Name authority | (Nuttall) Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 2: 486. (1843) | A. Gray: in W. H. Brewer et al., Bot. California 1: 433. (1876) |
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