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Snake's head desert-dandelion, Snake's-head

Sonoran desertdandelion

Habit Annuals, 10–60 cm. Annuals, 10–35 cm.
Stems

1–6, ascending or erect, simple or branched proximally and distally, glaucous or glabrous.

1(–9), erect, branched from bases and distally, relatively sparsely leafy, glabrous.

Cauline leaves

proximal linear to obovate, sometimes pinnately lobed, not fleshy, ultimate margins entire or dentate, faces glabrous;

distal reduced (ovate to lanceolate, rarely pinnately lobed, bases clasping).

proximal narrowly oblanceolate to obovate, usually pinnately lobed (lobes oblong to triangular), not fleshy, ultimate margins ± dentate, faces glabrous;

distal greatly reduced (margins entire or basally dentate, apices acute).

Involucres

hemispheric, 10–22+ × 6–22+ mm.

± campanulate, 6–9 × 4–6.6 mm.

Receptacles

densely bristly.

not bristly.

Florets

85–257;

corollas usually pale yellow, sometimes white, 8–12 mm;

outer ligules exserted 2–5 mm.

30–61;

corollas white or pale yellow, 6–10+ mm;

outer ligules exserted 1–4 mm.

Phyllaries

(25–)40–60+ in 4–6+ series, (midstripes usually reddish or purple) orbiculate to ovate, oblong, lance-oblong, or linear, unequal, hyaline margins 1–2.5 mm wide, faces glabrous.

12–15+ in 2(–3) series, lance-oblong to lance-linear, hyaline margins 0.05–0.2 mm wide, faces glabrous.

Calyculi

0.

of 5–8+, subulate to lanceolate bractlets, hyaline margins 0.05–0.2 mm.

Cypselae

± prismatic, 1.6–3.2 mm, ribs extending beyond apices, 5 more prominent than others;

persistent pappi of 20–25+, blunt teeth plus 2–6 bristles.

± cylindro-fusiform, 1.7–2 mm, ribs ending 0.2–0.3 mm short of apices, ± equal (distal 0.2–0.3 mm of cypselae slightly expanded, smooth);

pappi persistent, of 16–18 needlelike teeth plus 2 bristles.

Pollen

70–100% 3-porate.

70–100% 3-porate.

2n

= 14.

= 14.

Malacothrix coulteri

Malacothrix sonorae

Phenology Flowering Mar–May. Flowering Mar–May.
Habitat Sandy, open areas in coastal sage, grasslands, deserts Sandy, open areas among bushes, Larrea-Lycium-Cercidium-Baccharis associations, Quercus, Pinus, Juglans woodlands
Elevation 100–1800 m [300–5900 ft] 400–1500 m [1300–4900 ft]
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; NV; UT [Introduced, South America (Argentina, Chile)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; NM; Mexico (Sonora)
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Variety cognata, indistinguishable in floral characters from var. coulteri and differing in cauline leaves parted almost to midribs, occurs at some mainland sites in southern California and has been collected on the Channel Islands. In California, Malacothrix coulteri grows in the San Joaquin Valley, central western areas, western Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges, and Mojave Desert. In Arizona, it grows in the Sonoran Desert in the Santa Rita and Tucson mountains, and similar places.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Malacothrix sonorae is found mainly in the Sonoran Desert (Tucson, Kofa, Pinal, White Tank, Baboquivari, and Waterman mountains).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 19, p. 314. Treatment author: W. S. Davis. FNA vol. 19, p. 320. Treatment author: W. S. Davis.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Malacothrix Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Malacothrix
Sibling taxa
M. californica, M. clevelandii, M. fendleri, M. floccifera, M. foliosa, M. glabrata, M. incana, M. indecora, M. junakii, M. phaeocarpa, M. saxatilis, M. similis, M. sonchoides, M. sonorae, M. squalida, M. stebbinsii, M. torreyi
M. californica, M. clevelandii, M. coulteri, M. fendleri, M. floccifera, M. foliosa, M. glabrata, M. incana, M. indecora, M. junakii, M. phaeocarpa, M. saxatilis, M. similis, M. sonchoides, M. squalida, M. stebbinsii, M. torreyi
Synonyms Malacolepis coulteri, M. coulteri var. cognata, Zollikoferia elquiensis
Name authority Harvey & A. Gray: Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., n. s. 4: 113. (1849) W. S. Davis & P. H. Raven: Madroño 16: 264, fig. 2d. (1962)
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