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Snake's head desert-dandelion, Snake's-head

Santa Cruz Island desertdandelion, Santa Cruz Island malacothrix

Habit Annuals, 10–60 cm. Annuals, 2–12(–45) cm.
Stems

1–6, ascending or erect, simple or branched proximally and distally, glaucous or glabrous.

usually 1, erect or ± prostrate, usually ± branched proximally (often forming mats, usually leafy throughout), glabrous.

Cauline leaves

proximal linear to obovate, sometimes pinnately lobed, not fleshy, ultimate margins entire or dentate, faces glabrous;

distal reduced (ovate to lanceolate, rarely pinnately lobed, bases clasping).

proximal obovate to spatulate, usually pinnately lobed (lobes 1–3+ pairs, nearly equal, apices obtuse), usually fleshy, ultimate margins entire, faces glabrous;

distal not reduced (similar to others).

Involucres

hemispheric, 10–22+ × 6–22+ mm.

± campanulate, 6–8 × 2–6+ mm.

Receptacles

densely bristly.

glabrous.

Florets

85–257;

corollas usually pale yellow, sometimes white, 8–12 mm;

outer ligules exserted 2–5 mm.

18–76;

corollas medium yellow, 4–8 mm;

outer ligules exserted 1–4 mm.

Phyllaries

(25–)40–60+ in 4–6+ series, (midstripes usually reddish or purple) orbiculate to ovate, oblong, lance-oblong, or linear, unequal, hyaline margins 1–2.5 mm wide, faces glabrous.

13–22+ in 2–3 series, (often red-tinged) oblong to lanceolate, hyaline margins 0.05–0.2 mm wide, faces glabrous.

Calyculi

0.

of 8–13+, lance-deltate to lanceolate bractlets (sometimes intergrading with phyllaries), hyaline margins 0.05–0.2 mm wide.

Cypselae

± prismatic, 1.6–3.2 mm, ribs extending beyond apices, 5 more prominent than others;

persistent pappi of 20–25+, blunt teeth plus 2–6 bristles.

± prismatic, 1.2–1.5 mm, ribs extending to apices, 5 more prominent than others;

persistent pappi 0.

Pollen

70–100% 3-porate.

70–100% 3-porate.

2n

= 14.

= 14.

Malacothrix coulteri

Malacothrix indecora

Phenology Flowering Mar–May. Flowering Apr–Jul.
Habitat Sandy, open areas in coastal sage, grasslands, deserts Shallow soils of ocean bluffs, open rocky areas
Elevation 100–1800 m [300–5900 ft] 0–30 m [0–100 ft]
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; NV; UT [Introduced, South America (Argentina, Chile)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Variety cognata, indistinguishable in floral characters from var. coulteri and differing in cauline leaves parted almost to midribs, occurs at some mainland sites in southern California and has been collected on the Channel Islands. In California, Malacothrix coulteri grows in the San Joaquin Valley, central western areas, western Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges, and Mojave Desert. In Arizona, it grows in the Sonoran Desert in the Santa Rita and Tucson mountains, and similar places.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Of conservation concern.

Malacothrix indecora is found on San Miguel, Santa Cruz, and Santa Rosa islands.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 19, p. 314. Treatment author: W. S. Davis. FNA vol. 19, p. 317.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Malacothrix Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Malacothrix
Sibling taxa
M. californica, M. clevelandii, M. fendleri, M. floccifera, M. foliosa, M. glabrata, M. incana, M. indecora, M. junakii, M. phaeocarpa, M. saxatilis, M. similis, M. sonchoides, M. sonorae, M. squalida, M. stebbinsii, M. torreyi
M. californica, M. clevelandii, M. coulteri, M. fendleri, M. floccifera, M. foliosa, M. glabrata, M. incana, M. junakii, M. phaeocarpa, M. saxatilis, M. similis, M. sonchoides, M. sonorae, M. squalida, M. stebbinsii, M. torreyi
Synonyms Malacolepis coulteri, M. coulteri var. cognata, Zollikoferia elquiensis M. foliosa var. indecora
Name authority Harvey & A. Gray: Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., n. s. 4: 113. (1849) Greene: Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 152. (1886)
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