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Snake's head desert-dandelion, Snake's-head

desert dandelion, smooth desert dandelion

Habit Annuals, 10–60 cm. Annuals, (5–)10–40+ cm.
Stems

1–6, ascending or erect, simple or branched proximally and distally, glaucous or glabrous.

(1–)3–5+, ascending to erect, usually branched proximally and distally, glabrous or sparsely arachno-puberulent near bases (sometimes glaucous).

Cauline leaves

proximal linear to obovate, sometimes pinnately lobed, not fleshy, ultimate margins entire or dentate, faces glabrous;

distal reduced (ovate to lanceolate, rarely pinnately lobed, bases clasping).

proximal usually pinnately lobed (lobes 3–6+ pairs, usually filiform, subequal to unequal, apices acute), ultimate margins entire, faces glabrous or ± hairy (then usually glabrescent);

distal reduced (usually pinnately lobed).

Involucres

hemispheric, 10–22+ × 6–22+ mm.

campanulate to hemispheric, 9–17 × 4–7 mm.

Receptacles

densely bristly.

bristly.

Florets

85–257;

corollas usually pale yellow, sometimes white, 8–12 mm;

outer ligules exserted 2–5 mm.

31–139;

corollas usually pale yellow, sometimes white, 15–23+ mm;

outer ligules exserted 9–15+ mm.

Phyllaries

(25–)40–60+ in 4–6+ series, (midstripes usually reddish or purple) orbiculate to ovate, oblong, lance-oblong, or linear, unequal, hyaline margins 1–2.5 mm wide, faces glabrous.

20–25+ in 2–3 series, lance-linear to linear, hyaline margins 0.05–0.3 mm wide, faces usually glabrous, abaxial sometimes ± white-hairy.

Calyculi

0.

of 12–20+, lanceolate to linear bractlets, hyaline margins 0.05–0.2 mm wide (abaxial faces often ± densely white-hairy).

Cypselae

± prismatic, 1.6–3.2 mm, ribs extending beyond apices, 5 more prominent than others;

persistent pappi of 20–25+, blunt teeth plus 2–6 bristles.

± cylindro-fusiform (sometimes weakly 5-angled), 2–3.3 mm, ribs extending to apices, usually ± equal;

persistent pappi of 0–12+, blunt to acute teeth plus 1–2(–5) bristles.

Pollen

70–100% 3-porate.

70–100% 3-porate.

2n

= 14.

= 14.

Malacothrix coulteri

Malacothrix glabrata

Phenology Flowering Mar–May. Flowering Mar–Jul.
Habitat Sandy, open areas in coastal sage, grasslands, deserts Coarse soils in open areas, or among shrubs, creosote bush scrublands, Amsinckia, Artemisia, and Atriplex-Larrea associations, Joshua tree woodlands
Elevation 100–1800 m [300–5900 ft] 0–1800 m [0–5900 ft]
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; NV; UT [Introduced, South America (Argentina, Chile)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; ID; NM; NV; OR; UT; Mexico (Baja California, Sonora)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Variety cognata, indistinguishable in floral characters from var. coulteri and differing in cauline leaves parted almost to midribs, occurs at some mainland sites in southern California and has been collected on the Channel Islands. In California, Malacothrix coulteri grows in the San Joaquin Valley, central western areas, western Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges, and Mojave Desert. In Arizona, it grows in the Sonoran Desert in the Santa Rita and Tucson mountains, and similar places.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Malacothrix glabrata grows in the Mojave, Great Basin, and Sonoran deserts in California and the Intermountain region in Arizona, Nevada, Oregon, and Utah.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 19, p. 314. Treatment author: W. S. Davis. FNA vol. 19, p. 316.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Malacothrix Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Malacothrix
Sibling taxa
M. californica, M. clevelandii, M. fendleri, M. floccifera, M. foliosa, M. glabrata, M. incana, M. indecora, M. junakii, M. phaeocarpa, M. saxatilis, M. similis, M. sonchoides, M. sonorae, M. squalida, M. stebbinsii, M. torreyi
M. californica, M. clevelandii, M. coulteri, M. fendleri, M. floccifera, M. foliosa, M. incana, M. indecora, M. junakii, M. phaeocarpa, M. saxatilis, M. similis, M. sonchoides, M. sonorae, M. squalida, M. stebbinsii, M. torreyi
Synonyms Malacolepis coulteri, M. coulteri var. cognata, Zollikoferia elquiensis M. californica var. glabrata
Name authority Harvey & A. Gray: Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., n. s. 4: 113. (1849) (A. Gray ex D. C. Eaton) A. Gray: in A. Gray et al., Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1(2): 422. (1884)
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