Malacothrix coulteri |
Malacothrix clevelandii |
|
---|---|---|
Snake's head desert-dandelion, Snake's-head |
Cleveland's desert dandelion, Cleveland's malacothrix |
|
Habit | Annuals, 10–60 cm. | Annuals, 4–36 cm. |
Stems | 1–6, ascending or erect, simple or branched proximally and distally, glaucous or glabrous. |
1–5, erect or ascending, branched mostly distally, glabrous. |
Cauline leaves | proximal linear to obovate, sometimes pinnately lobed, not fleshy, ultimate margins entire or dentate, faces glabrous; distal reduced (ovate to lanceolate, rarely pinnately lobed, bases clasping). |
proximal oblanceolate to lance-linear, sometimes pinnately lobed, not fleshy, ultimate margins usually dentate, faces glabrous; distal reduced (margins 2–4-dentate near bases or entire). |
Involucres | hemispheric, 10–22+ × 6–22+ mm. |
narrowly campanulate, 4–8+ × 2–4+ mm. |
Receptacles | densely bristly. |
not bristly. |
Florets | 85–257; corollas usually pale yellow, sometimes white, 8–12 mm; outer ligules exserted 2–5 mm. |
(19–67); corollas pale yellow, 4–7.4 mm; outer ligules exserted 1–3 mm. |
Phyllaries | (25–)40–60+ in 4–6+ series, (midstripes usually reddish or purple) orbiculate to ovate, oblong, lance-oblong, or linear, unequal, hyaline margins 1–2.5 mm wide, faces glabrous. |
8–15+ in 2+ series, lance-linear to linear, ± equal, hyaline margins 0.05–0.3 mm wide, abaxial faces glabrous. |
Calyculi | 0. |
of 5–12, lance-deltate to lanceolate bractlets, hyaline margins 0.05–0.2 mm. |
Cypselae | ± prismatic, 1.6–3.2 mm, ribs extending beyond apices, 5 more prominent than others; persistent pappi of 20–25+, blunt teeth plus 2–6 bristles. |
fusiform or prismatic, 1.2–1.8 mm, ribs extending to apices, 5 more prominent than others; persistent pappi of 15–24+, needlelike teeth plus 1 bristle. |
Pollen | 70–100% 3-porate. |
70–100% 3-porate, mean 25 µm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Malacothrix coulteri |
Malacothrix clevelandii |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–May. | Flowering Mar–Jun. |
Habitat | Sandy, open areas in coastal sage, grasslands, deserts | Cleared areas (burns, slides), usually chaparral, rarely margins of creosote bush shrub |
Elevation | 100–1800 m [300–5900 ft] | 20–1500 m [70–4900 ft] |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; NV; UT [Introduced, South America (Argentina, Chile)]
|
CA; Mexico (Baja California) [Introduced, South America (Argentina, Chile)]
|
Discussion | Variety cognata, indistinguishable in floral characters from var. coulteri and differing in cauline leaves parted almost to midribs, occurs at some mainland sites in southern California and has been collected on the Channel Islands. In California, Malacothrix coulteri grows in the San Joaquin Valley, central western areas, western Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges, and Mojave Desert. In Arizona, it grows in the Sonoran Desert in the Santa Rita and Tucson mountains, and similar places. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Malacothrix clevelandii grows in northwestern California, Sierra Nevada foothills, San Joaquin Valley, central western California, and northern Channel Islands (Santa Rosa Island). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 19, p. 314. | FNA vol. 19, p. 313. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Malacolepis coulteri, M. coulteri var. cognata, Zollikoferia elquiensis | Crepis geisseana, M. senecioides |
Name authority | Harvey & A. Gray: Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., n. s. 4: 113. (1849) | A. Gray: in W. H. Brewer et al., Bot. California 1: 433. (1876) |
Web links |