Malacothrix coulteri |
Malacothrix californica |
|
---|---|---|
Snake's head desert-dandelion, Snake's-head |
California desert dandelion, desert dandelion |
|
Habit | Annuals, 10–60 cm. | Annuals, 4–45 cm. |
Stems | 1–6, ascending or erect, simple or branched proximally and distally, glaucous or glabrous. |
1 (scapiform), erect or arcuate-ascending, mostly glabrous (shaggily piloso-hirsute proximally and at bases of heads). |
Cauline leaves | proximal linear to obovate, sometimes pinnately lobed, not fleshy, ultimate margins entire or dentate, faces glabrous; distal reduced (ovate to lanceolate, rarely pinnately lobed, bases clasping). |
proximal oblanceolate to linear, pinnately lobed (lobes usually linear to filiform, sometimes broader), not fleshy, ultimate margins entire or dentate, faces usually shaggily piloso-hirsute (at least proximally), glabrescent; distal usually 0. |
Involucres | hemispheric, 10–22+ × 6–22+ mm. |
(8–)10–15 × 5–6 mm. |
Receptacles | densely bristly. |
sparsely bristly or glabrous. |
Florets | 85–257; corollas usually pale yellow, sometimes white, 8–12 mm; outer ligules exserted 2–5 mm. |
40–250; corollas usually yellow to pale yellow (often with abaxial reddish stripes), sometimes white, 16–20 mm; outer ligules exserted 11–13 mm. |
Phyllaries | (25–)40–60+ in 4–6+ series, (midstripes usually reddish or purple) orbiculate to ovate, oblong, lance-oblong, or linear, unequal, hyaline margins 1–2.5 mm wide, faces glabrous. |
usually 20–26+ in 2-3+ series, (midstripes often reddish) lanceolate to lance-linear or subulate, unequal, hyaline margins 0.1–0.5 mm wide, abaxial faces (of outermost, at least) shaggily piloso-hirsute to arachnose (at least proximally). |
Calyculi | 0. |
of 12–20, lanceolate to linear bractlets, hyaline margins 0.05–0.2 mm, abaxial faces shaggily piloso-hirsute to arachnose. |
Cypselae | ± prismatic, 1.6–3.2 mm, ribs extending beyond apices, 5 more prominent than others; persistent pappi of 20–25+, blunt teeth plus 2–6 bristles. |
± prismatic, 2–3.4 mm, ribs extending to apices, 5 more prominent than others; persistent pappi of 12–15+, irregular, lance-deltate teeth plus (1–)2 bristles. |
Pollen | 70–100% 3-porate. |
70–100% 3-porate. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Malacothrix coulteri |
Malacothrix californica |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–May. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Sandy, open areas in coastal sage, grasslands, deserts | Open sandy soil in grasslands, oak woodlands, chaparral, or desert margins |
Elevation | 100–1800 m [300–5900 ft] | 0–1700 m [0–5600 ft] |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; NV; UT [Introduced, South America (Argentina, Chile)]
|
CA; Mexico (Baja California)
|
Discussion | Variety cognata, indistinguishable in floral characters from var. coulteri and differing in cauline leaves parted almost to midribs, occurs at some mainland sites in southern California and has been collected on the Channel Islands. In California, Malacothrix coulteri grows in the San Joaquin Valley, central western areas, western Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges, and Mojave Desert. In Arizona, it grows in the Sonoran Desert in the Santa Rita and Tucson mountains, and similar places. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Malacothrix californica grows in the San Joaquin Valley, central western California, southwestern California, and the Mojave Desert. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 19, p. 314. | FNA vol. 19, p. 313. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Malacolepis coulteri, M. coulteri var. cognata, Zollikoferia elquiensis | |
Name authority | Harvey & A. Gray: Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., n. s. 4: 113. (1849) | de Candolle: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 7: 192. (1838) |
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