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smilacine trifoliée, three-leaf false Solomon's-seal, three-leaf Solomon's-plume, three-leaf Solomon's-seal, threeleaf false lily of the valley

little false Solomon's-seal, small false Solomon's seal, smilacine étoilée, star-flower false Solomon's-seal, star-flower Solomon's-seal, star-like false Solomon's-seal, starry false lily-of-the-valley, starry false Solomon's seal, starry Solomon's seal

Habit Plants aquatic, 4–15 cm. Plants terrestrial, 15–45 cm.
Rhizomes

sympodial, proliferatively spreading, filiform, units 2–30 cm × 1–2 mm, roots restricted to nodes.

sympodial, proliferatively spreading, narrow-cylindrical, units 15–60 cm × 3–4.5 mm, roots scattered over surfaces.

Stems

erect, 1–2.5 dm × 2–3 mm.

erect, 2.5–5 dm × 2–3.5 mm.

Leaves

2–4 on fertile shoots, sessile;

blade elliptic, 5–12 × 2.5–4 cm;

base narrowly tapering;

apex acute or acuminate.

8–11, sessile, clasping;

blade ovate-elliptic to lanceolate, 5–6 × 2.5–3.5 cm;

base rounded;

apex acute.

Inflorescences

racemose, simple, 5–15-flowered.

racemose, simple, 6–15-flowered.

Flowers

3-merous;

tepals conspicuous, 2.5–4 × 1.5–2 mm;

filaments 1.5–2 mm;

anthers 0.5–0.7 mm;

ovary globose or cylindrical, 2–2.5 × 1.5–2.4 mm;

style 0.5–1.5 mm;

stigma distinctively 3-lobed;

pedicel 1–3 × 0.5 mm.

1 per node, 3-merous;

tepals conspicuous, 4–5 × 1.5–2 mm;

filaments 1.2–1.5 mm;

anthers 0.6–0.8 mm;

ovary globose to cylindrical, ca. 1 mm wide;

style 1.3–1.8 mm;

stigma obscurely 3-lobed;

pedicel 6–12 × 0.8–1 mm.

Berries

green with fine red spots when young, maturing to red, globose, 4–6 mm diam.

green with black stripes along median carpel vein when young, maturing to red, globose, 4–6 mm diam.

Seeds

1–3, globose, 2 mm.

1–6, globose, 2.5–3 mm.

2n

= 36.

= 36.

Maianthemum trifolium

Maianthemum stellatum

Phenology Flowering May–Jun, fruits retained through Sep. Flowering mid or late spring.
Habitat Often forming dense clonal patches in sphagnum bogs, muskegs, and wet forests Sand dunes, marginal woodlands, oak openings
Elevation 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft) 0–3200 m (0–10500 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CT; MA; ME; MI; MN; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; VT; WI; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Asia (Siberia)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; disjunct in nw Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Source FNA vol. 26, p. 209. FNA vol. 26, p. 209.
Parent taxa Liliaceae > Maianthemum Liliaceae > Maianthemum
Sibling taxa
M. canadense, M. dilatatum, M. racemosum, M. stellatum
M. canadense, M. dilatatum, M. racemosum, M. trifolium
Synonyms Convallaria trifolia, Smilacina trifolia, Unifolium trifolium, Vagnera trifolia Convallaria stellata, Smilacina liliacea, Smilacina stellata, Unifolium liliaceum, Unifolium sessilifolium, Unifolium stellatum, Vagnera liliacea, Vagnera sessilifolia, Vagnera stellata
Name authority (Linnaeus) Sloboda: Rostlinnictví, 192. (1852) (Linnaeus) Link: Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 343. (1821)
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