Maianthemum racemosum |
Maianthemum canadense |
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false Solomon's-seal, false spikenard, feathery false lily of the valley, feathery false Solomon's-seal, large false Solomon's-seal, plumed Solomon's seal, Solomon's-plume, treacleberry |
Canada-mayflower, Canadian May-lily, Canadian mayflower, false lily-of-the-valley, maïanthème du Canada, two-leaf Solomon's-seal, twoleaf solomonseal, wild lily-of-the-valley |
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Habit | Plants terrestrial, to 12.5 cm. | Plants terrestrial, 10–25 cm. | ||||
Rhizomes | sympodial, cylindrical, units 30–40 cm × 8–14 mm, sometimes multiplied, roots scattered. |
sympodial, proliferatively branching, units 2–30 cm × 1–1.5 mm, roots restricted to nodes. |
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Stems | erect or arching, 7.5–12.5 dm × 7–9 mm. |
erect, 1–1.8 dm × 1–2.5 mm. |
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Leaves | 7–12, sessile and clasping, or petiolate; blade elliptic to ovate, 9–17 × 5–8 cm; base rounded or tapered; apex acute or caudate. |
solitary on sterile shoots, 2–3 on fertile shoots; blade 4.5–7(–9) × 3–4.5(–5.5) cm, apex acute or short-caudate; proximal leaves sessile, blade ovate, base with narrow sinus; distal leaves petiolate, blade cordate, petiole 1–7 mm. |
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Inflorescences | paniculate, 70–250-flowered, branches well developed, pyramidal. |
racemose, complex, 12–25-flowered. |
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Flowers | 3-merous; tepals inconspicuous, 0.5–1 × 0.5 mm; filaments 1 × 0.5 mm; anthers 0.5–1 mm; ovary globose, 1 mm wide; style 0.1–0.3 mm; stigma obscure; pedicel 0.5–1 × 0.5 mm. |
(1–)2(–3) per node, 2-merous; tepals conspicuous, 1.5–2 × 0.8–1 mm; filaments 1–1.5 mm; anthers 0.2–0.4 mm; ovary globose, 0.8–1 mm wide; style 0.5–0.8 mm; stigma distinctly 2-lobed; pedicel 3–7 × 0.2–0.5 mm. |
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Berries | green with copper spots when young, maturing to deep translucent red, globose or 3-lobed, 4–6 mm wide. |
green mottled red when young, maturing to deep translucent red, globose, 4–6 mm diam. |
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Seeds | 1–4, globose, 2.5–4 mm. |
1–2, globose, 3 mm. |
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2n | = 36, 72, 144. |
= 36, 54, 72. |
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Maianthemum racemosum |
Maianthemum canadense |
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Phenology | Flowering early spring. | |||||
Habitat | Deciduous and coniferous forests, persisting in forest remnants and parks | |||||
Elevation | 0–1800 m (0–5900 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
North America; n Mexico
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CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Maianthemum racemosum is sometimes cultivated. It was described as apomictic (A. L. Gorham 1953) but is much in need of cytogeographic and reproductive biological studies. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Pubescent specimens of Maianthemum canadense in the western half of the range with consistently larger leaves have been treated as var. interius. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 208. | FNA vol. 26, p. 208. | ||||
Parent taxa | Liliaceae > Maianthemum | Liliaceae > Maianthemum | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Convallaria racemosa, Smilacina racemosa, Unifolium racemosum | M. canadense var. interius, Smilacina canadensis, Unifolium canadense | ||||
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Link: Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 343. (1821) | Desfontaines: Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 9: 54. (1807) | ||||
Web links |
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