Madia sativa |
Madia radiata |
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Chile tarplant, Chile tarweed, Chilean tarplant, Chilean tarweed, coast tarweed, coastal tarweed |
golden madia, showy golden madia, showy madia |
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Habit | Plants (0.3–)35–100(–240) cm, self-compatible (heads not showy). | Plants 10–90 cm; self-incompatible (heads showy). |
Stems | hirsute and glandular-pubescent, glands yellowish, purple, or black, lateral branches rarely surpassing main stems. |
glandular-pubescent, glands yelloish or purple, lateral branches often surpassing main stems. |
Leaf | blades broadly lanceolate to linear-oblong or linear, 2–18 cm × 3–18(–29) mm. |
blades lanceolate to linear, 2–10 cm × 4–15 mm. |
Involucres | ovoid to urceolate, 6–16 mm. |
depressed-globose, 4–7 mm. |
Ray florets | (5–)8–13; corollas greenish yellow or sometimes purplish red abaxially or throughout, laminae 1.5–4 mm. |
8–16; corollas golden yellow, laminae 6–19 mm. |
Disc florets | 11–14, bisexual, fertile; corollas 2–5 mm, pubescent; anthers ± dark purple. |
18–65, bisexual, fertile; corollas 3.5–5.5 mm, pubescent; anthers yellow to brownish. |
Phyllaries | hirsute and glandular-pubescent, glands yellowish, purple, or black, apices erect or ± reflexed, flat. |
pilose to hispid (hairs uncinate) and glandular-pubescent, glands yellowish or purple, apices ± erect or reflexed, flat. |
Heads | in usually crowded, paniculiform, racemiform, or spiciform arrays. |
in open, ± corymbiform arrays. |
Disc cypselae | similar. |
similar, not beaked. |
Ray cypselae | black or brown, sometimes mottled, dull, compressed, beakless. |
black, purple, or mottled, dull or glossy, compressed (strongly arcuate), beaked (beaks adaxially offset, curved). |
Paleae | mostly persistent, connate 1/2+ their lengths. |
readily falling, distinct. |
2n | = 32. |
= 16. |
Madia sativa |
Madia radiata |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Oct. | Flowering Mar–May. |
Habitat | Grasslands, openings in shrublands and woods, disturbed sites, stream banks, roadsides | Grasslands, openings in woodlands or chaparral, disturbed sites, usually heavy, clayey soils, often from decomposed shale |
Elevation | 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft) | 20–1200 m (100–3900 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; South America (Argentina, Chile) [Pacific Islands (Hawaii, probably introduced)]
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CA
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Discussion | In North America, Madia sativa occurs on the Pacific Coast from California to British Columbia, sporadically in coastal ranges, and rarely eastward. Reports of M. sativa from Ontario and Quebec and from Alaska, Connecticut, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Wisconsin are putative waifs or misidentified M. glomerata. Molecular data and greenhouse studies have indicated that plants referable to M. capitata and M. sativa in California are not distinct (B. G. Baldwin, unpubl.). Sampled populations of M. sativa (including M. capitata) from California are somewhat divergent in DNA sequences from sampled Chilean populations, in apparent conflict with earlier suggestions that M. sativa was recently introduced to North America from South America by Europeans (Baldwin, unpubl.). Madia sativa has been cultivated for seed-oil in South America, Europe, Africa, and Asia Minor (E. Zardini 1992). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Madia radiata occurs in the Inner South Coast Ranges and, locally, in the eastern San Francisco Bay area. It sometimes co-occurs with Deinandra halliana; the two species are morphologically similar. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 308. | FNA vol. 21, p. 305. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Madiinae > Madia | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Madiinae > Madia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | M. capitata | |
Name authority | Molina: Sag. Stor. Nat. Chili, 136. (1782) | Kellogg: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. Sci. 4: 190. (1870) |
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