Madia sativa |
Madia glomerata |
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Chile tarplant, Chile tarweed, Chilean tarplant, Chilean tarweed, coast tarweed, coastal tarweed |
cluster tarweed, mountain tarplant, mountain tarweed |
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Habit | Plants (0.3–)35–100(–240) cm, self-compatible (heads not showy). | Plants 5–120 cm, self-compatible (heads not showy). |
Stems | hirsute and glandular-pubescent, glands yellowish, purple, or black, lateral branches rarely surpassing main stems. |
proximally villous to hispid, glandular-pubescent distally, glands yellowish or black, lateral branches sometimes surpassing main stems. |
Leaf | blades broadly lanceolate to linear-oblong or linear, 2–18 cm × 3–18(–29) mm. |
blades linear to lance-linear, 2–10 cm × 2–7 mm. |
Involucres | ovoid to urceolate, 6–16 mm. |
narrowly ovoid or ellipsoid, 5.5–9 mm. |
Ray florets | (5–)8–13; corollas greenish yellow or sometimes purplish red abaxially or throughout, laminae 1.5–4 mm. |
0 or 1–3; corollas greenish yellow to purplish, laminae 1–3 mm. |
Disc florets | 11–14, bisexual, fertile; corollas 2–5 mm, pubescent; anthers ± dark purple. |
1–5(–12), bisexual, fertile; corollas 3–4.5 mm, pubescent; anthers ± dark purple. |
Phyllaries | hirsute and glandular-pubescent, glands yellowish, purple, or black, apices erect or ± reflexed, flat. |
± pilose and glandular-pubescent, glands yellowish or black, apices erect or reflexed, ± flat. |
Heads | in usually crowded, paniculiform, racemiform, or spiciform arrays. |
usually in crowded glomerules, sometimes in corymbiform or paniculiform arrays. |
Disc cypselae | similar. |
similar. |
Ray cypselae | black or brown, sometimes mottled, dull, compressed, beakless. |
black, dull, compressed, beakless. |
Paleae | mostly persistent, connate 1/2+ their lengths. |
mostly persistent, distinct. |
2n | = 32. |
= 28. |
Madia sativa |
Madia glomerata |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Oct. | Flowering Jun–Sep. |
Habitat | Grasslands, openings in shrublands and woods, disturbed sites, stream banks, roadsides | Openings in grasslands, meadows, swales, shrublands, woodlands, forests, edges of marshes, lakes, or watercourses, disturbed sites, often in coarse, sandy or gravelly soils |
Elevation | 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft) | 0–3100 m (0–10200 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; South America (Argentina, Chile) [Pacific Islands (Hawaii, probably introduced)]
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AK; AZ; CA; CO; CT; IA; ID; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NM; NV; OR; SD; UT; VT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; QC; SK; YT
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Discussion | In North America, Madia sativa occurs on the Pacific Coast from California to British Columbia, sporadically in coastal ranges, and rarely eastward. Reports of M. sativa from Ontario and Quebec and from Alaska, Connecticut, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Wisconsin are putative waifs or misidentified M. glomerata. Molecular data and greenhouse studies have indicated that plants referable to M. capitata and M. sativa in California are not distinct (B. G. Baldwin, unpubl.). Sampled populations of M. sativa (including M. capitata) from California are somewhat divergent in DNA sequences from sampled Chilean populations, in apparent conflict with earlier suggestions that M. sativa was recently introduced to North America from South America by Europeans (Baldwin, unpubl.). Madia sativa has been cultivated for seed-oil in South America, Europe, Africa, and Asia Minor (E. Zardini 1992). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Madia glomerata has the most extensive North American distribution of any species in Madiinae. At southern latitudes, M. glomerata occurs mostly in montane settings. Occurrences in eastern North America are mostly local and widely scattered. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 308. | FNA vol. 21, p. 306. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Madiinae > Madia | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Madiinae > Madia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | M. capitata | |
Name authority | Molina: Sag. Stor. Nat. Chili, 136. (1782) | Hooker: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 24. (1834) |
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