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Chile tarplant, Chile tarweed, Chilean tarplant, Chilean tarweed, coast tarweed, coastal tarweed

cluster tarweed, mountain tarplant, mountain tarweed

Habit Plants (0.3–)35–100(–240) cm, self-compatible (heads not showy). Plants 5–120 cm, self-compatible (heads not showy).
Stems

hirsute and glandular-pubescent, glands yellowish, purple, or black, lateral branches rarely surpassing main stems.

proximally villous to hispid, glandular-pubescent distally, glands yellowish or black, lateral branches sometimes surpassing main stems.

Leaf

blades broadly lanceolate to linear-oblong or linear, 2–18 cm × 3–18(–29) mm.

blades linear to lance-linear, 2–10 cm × 2–7 mm.

Involucres

ovoid to urceolate, 6–16 mm.

narrowly ovoid or ellipsoid, 5.5–9 mm.

Ray florets

(5–)8–13;

corollas greenish yellow or sometimes purplish red abaxially or throughout, laminae 1.5–4 mm.

0 or 1–3;

corollas greenish yellow to purplish, laminae 1–3 mm.

Disc florets

11–14, bisexual, fertile;

corollas 2–5 mm, pubescent;

anthers ± dark purple.

1–5(–12), bisexual, fertile;

corollas 3–4.5 mm, pubescent;

anthers ± dark purple.

Phyllaries

hirsute and glandular-pubescent, glands yellowish, purple, or black, apices erect or ± reflexed, flat.

± pilose and glandular-pubescent, glands yellowish or black, apices erect or reflexed, ± flat.

Heads

in usually crowded, paniculiform, racemiform, or spiciform arrays.

usually in crowded glomerules, sometimes in corymbiform or paniculiform arrays.

Disc cypselae

similar.

similar.

Ray cypselae

black or brown, sometimes mottled, dull, compressed, beakless.

black, dull, compressed, beakless.

Paleae

mostly persistent, connate 1/2+ their lengths.

mostly persistent, distinct.

2n

= 32.

= 28.

Madia sativa

Madia glomerata

Phenology Flowering May–Oct. Flowering Jun–Sep.
Habitat Grasslands, openings in shrublands and woods, disturbed sites, stream banks, roadsides Openings in grasslands, meadows, swales, shrublands, woodlands, forests, edges of marshes, lakes, or watercourses, disturbed sites, often in coarse, sandy or gravelly soils
Elevation 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft) 0–3100 m (0–10200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR; WA; BC; South America (Argentina, Chile) [Pacific Islands (Hawaii, probably introduced)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; AZ; CA; CO; CT; IA; ID; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NM; NV; OR; SD; UT; VT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; QC; SK; YT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

In North America, Madia sativa occurs on the Pacific Coast from California to British Columbia, sporadically in coastal ranges, and rarely eastward. Reports of M. sativa from Ontario and Quebec and from Alaska, Connecticut, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Wisconsin are putative waifs or misidentified M. glomerata. Molecular data and greenhouse studies have indicated that plants referable to M. capitata and M. sativa in California are not distinct (B. G. Baldwin, unpubl.). Sampled populations of M. sativa (including M. capitata) from California are somewhat divergent in DNA sequences from sampled Chilean populations, in apparent conflict with earlier suggestions that M. sativa was recently introduced to North America from South America by Europeans (Baldwin, unpubl.). Madia sativa has been cultivated for seed-oil in South America, Europe, Africa, and Asia Minor (E. Zardini 1992).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Madia glomerata has the most extensive North American distribution of any species in Madiinae. At southern latitudes, M. glomerata occurs mostly in montane settings. Occurrences in eastern North America are mostly local and widely scattered.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 308. FNA vol. 21, p. 306.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Madiinae > Madia Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Madiinae > Madia
Sibling taxa
M. anomala, M. citrigracilis, M. citriodora, M. elegans, M. exigua, M. glomerata, M. gracilis, M. radiata, M. subspicata
M. anomala, M. citrigracilis, M. citriodora, M. elegans, M. exigua, M. gracilis, M. radiata, M. sativa, M. subspicata
Synonyms M. capitata
Name authority Molina: Sag. Stor. Nat. Chili, 136. (1782) Hooker: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 24. (1834)
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