Madia sativa
Madia
Chile tarplant, Chile tarweed, Chilean tarplant, Chilean tarweed, coast tarweed, coastal tarweed
madia, tarplant, tarweed
hirsute and glandular-pubescent, glands yellowish, purple, or black, lateral branches rarely surpassing main stems.
erect.
blades broadly lanceolate to linear-oblong or linear, 2–18 cm × 3–18(–29) mm.
mostly cauline (at flowering) proximal opposite (often in rosettes), distal alternate;
sessile;
blades lanceolate or oblong-linear to linear, margins usually entire, sometimes toothed, faces hirsute to strigose, usually glandular-pubescent as well.
ovoid to urceolate, 6–16 mm.
ellipsoid, depressed-globose, globose, obconic, ovoid, or urceolate, 1–10+ mm diam.
flat to convex, glabrous or setulose, paleate (paleae persistent or falling readily, in 1 series between rays and discs, ± connate or distinct, phyllary-like, more scarious).
(5–)8–13;
corollas greenish yellow or sometimes purplish red abaxially or throughout, laminae 1.5–4 mm.
0 (sometimes in M. glomerata), or 1–22, pistillate, fertile;
corollas yellowish (with maroon bases sometimes in M. elegans; purplish red sometimes in M. sativa).
11–14, bisexual, fertile;
corollas 2–5 mm, pubescent;
anthers ± dark purple.
1–80+, bisexual and fertile or functionally staminate;
corollas usually yellow, sometimes purplish, tubes shorter than or about equaling funnelform throats, lobes 5, deltate (anthers ± dark purple or yellow to brownish; styles glabrous proximal to branches).
hirsute and glandular-pubescent, glands yellowish, purple, or black, apices erect or ± reflexed, flat.
0 (then outer paleae functioning as phyllaries, sometimes in M. glomerata), or 1–22 in 1 series (lance-linear to lance-attenuate or oblanceolate, herbaceous, each mostly or wholly enveloping a subtended ray ovary, abaxially hirsute and, usually, glandular).
in usually crowded, paniculiform, racemiform, or spiciform arrays.
usually radiate (sometimes discoid in M. glomerata), in corymbiform, paniculiform, racemiform, or spiciform arrays or in glomerules.
similar.
similar, sometimes obovoid (often ± straight, basal attachments central, apices not beaked), sometimes 0;
pappi 0.
black or brown, sometimes mottled, dull, compressed, beakless.
compressed, ± 3-angled, or rarely terete, clavate (often arcuate, basal attachments central or offset, apices sometimes beaked, faces glabrous);
pappi 0.
mostly persistent, connate 1/2+ their lengths.
bracts: pit-glands, tack-glands, and/or spines 0.
= 8.
= 32.
Madia sativa
Madia
In North America, Madia sativa occurs on the Pacific Coast from California to British Columbia, sporadically in coastal ranges, and rarely eastward. Reports of M. sativa from Ontario and Quebec and from Alaska, Connecticut, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Wisconsin are putative waifs or misidentified M. glomerata. Molecular data and greenhouse studies have indicated that plants referable to M. capitata and M. sativa in California are not distinct (B. G. Baldwin, unpubl.). Sampled populations of M. sativa (including M. capitata) from California are somewhat divergent in DNA sequences from sampled Chilean populations, in apparent conflict with earlier suggestions that M. sativa was recently introduced to North America from South America by Europeans (Baldwin, unpubl.). Madia sativa has been cultivated for seed-oil in South America, Europe, Africa, and Asia Minor (E. Zardini 1992).
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Species 10 (10 in the flora).
Madia is more narrowly circumscribed here than in previous treatments by D. D. Keck (1959) and others. Molecular phylogenetic data have indicated that Madia in those earlier senses is not monophyletic (B. G. Baldwin 1996). As treated here, Madia comprises all members of Keck’s informal “section Madia” except M. minima (= Hemizonella) (Baldwin 1999b). Most species are reportedly either cross-incompatible or intersterile (J. Clausen 1951).
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Ray laminae 6–19 mm; paleae readily falling; anthers yellow to brownish; ray cypselae beaked (beaks adaxially offset, curved) | M. radiata |
1. Ray laminae 0.7–20 mm (rays sometimes 0 in M. glomerata); paleae mostly persistent; anthers yellow to brownish or ± dark purple; ray cypselae sometimes beaked. | → 2 |
2. Plants self-incompatible (heads showy) or self-compatible (heads not showy); disc florets functionally staminate (cypselae 0, ovary walls remaining pallid, membranous) | → 3 |
2. Plants self-compatible (heads not showy); disc florets bisexual (forming cypselae, ovary walls becoming dark, rigid) | → 4 |
3. Ray laminae greenish yellow, 4–11 mm; anthers ± dark purple; ray cypselae ± 3-angled (abaxial sides broadly rounded, adaxial sides 2-faced, angles between those faces ca.70°), glossy | M. citriodora |
3. Ray laminae bright yellow (sometimes with maroon bases), 4–20 mm; anthers yellow to brownish or ± dark purple; ray cypselae compressed (abaxial sides slightly rounded, adaxial sides 2-faced, angles between those faces 15–45°), dull or glossy | M. elegans |
4. Heads usually in glomerules, sometimes in corymbiform or paniculiform arrays; involucres narrowly ovoid or ellipsoid; ray florets 0 or 1–3 | M. glomerata |
4. Heads in crowded or open, corymbiform, paniculiform, racemiform, or spiciform arrays; involucres depressed-globose, globose, obovoid, ovoid, or urceolate; ray florets (1–)3–13(–14) | → 5 |
5. Stems 1–30(–60) cm; phyllaries glandular-pubescent (glands golden yellow), apices ± erect, often sulcate; anthers yellow to brownish | → 6 |
5. Stems 10–200 cm; phyllaries glandular-pubescent (glands black, purple, or yellow), apices ± reflexed, flat; anthers ± dark purple | → 7 |
6. Heads in ± spiciform arrays; involucres globose or ovoid, 6–8 mm; disc florets5–15, corollas pubescent; ray cypselae sometimes purple-mottled, beakless | M. subspicata |
6. Heads in racemiform or paniculiform arrays (peduncles filiform); involucres depressed-globose, 3–5 mm; disc florets 1(–2), corollas glabrous; ray cypselae black, beaked (beaks adaxially offset, curved) | M. exigua |
7. Ray cypselae black or purple, terete, glossy | M. anomala |
7. Ray cypselae black, purple, or mottled, compressed, dull or glossy | → 8 |
8. Stems glandular-pubescent throughout; heads in racemiform, paniculiform, or spiciform arrays; involucres 6–16 mm; mostly coastal | M. sativa |
8. Stems distally glandular-pubescent; heads in corymbiform, racemiform, or paniculiform arrays; involucres 5–10 mm; mostly away from immediate coast | → 9 |
9. Lateral branches often surpassing main stems (in large plants); ray laminae 6–8 mm | M. citrigracilis |
9. Lateral branches seldom surpassing main stems; ray laminae 1.5–8 mm | M. gracilis |
- Local floras:
BC, 
CA, 
OR, 
WA - Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos,
Flora NW, 
PNW Herbaria, Turner Photog. 
WildflowerSearch
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USDA Plants Database- LBJ Wildflower Center
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