Lycium californicum |
Lycium cooperi |
|
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California box-thorn, California desert-thorn |
Cooper wolfberry, Cooper's box thorn, Cooper's desert-thorn, peach thorn |
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Habit | Shrubs prostrate to erect, 0.1–2 m; bark yellowish to gray; stems glabrous. | Shrubs erect, 0.6–2.5 m; bark usually purplish to reddish; stems densely glandular-pubescent. |
Leaves | blade spheric to spatulate, 2–25 × 1–3 mm, fleshy to succulent, surfaces glabrous. |
blade spatulate to oblanceolate, 10–35 × 2–23 mm, surfaces usually densely glandular-pubescent. |
Inflorescences | 2–3-flowered fascicles or solitary flowers. |
2–3-flowered fascicles or solitary flowers. |
Pedicels | 1–5 mm. |
2–8 mm. |
Flowers | bisexual or pistillate, 4-merous; calyx campanulate, 2–4-lobed, 2–3 mm, lobe lengths 0.3 times tube; corolla white to pale purple, campanulate, 2–6 mm, lobe lengths to 1 times tube; stamens exserted (bisexual flowers) or included, with nonfunctional anthers (pistillate flowers). |
(4–)5-merous; calyx narrowly campanulate, 4–14 mm, lobe lengths 0.5–1 times tube; corolla white or greenish yellow, sometimes purple-veined, tubular to funnelform, 8–15 mm, lobes 1.5–3 mm; stamens included to exserted. |
Berries | orange to red, ovoid, 2–6 mm, thinly fleshy. |
greenish yellow to orange, ovoid, constricted at or distal to middle, 5–10 mm, dry, hard, strongly accrescent calyx usually rupturing with fruit growth. |
Seeds | 2, each enclosed by a hard layer. |
6–10. |
2n | = 24, 36, 48. |
= 24. |
Lycium californicum |
Lycium cooperi |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jan–Mar(–Sep). | Flowering Mar–May. |
Habitat | Saline flats, coastal flats and bluffs (Mediterranean floristic province, Sonoran Desert, and restricted locations in the Chihuahuan Desert). | Sandy washes to slopes (Mojave and Colorado deserts). |
Elevation | 0–500 m. (0–1600 ft.) | 100–2000 m. (300–6600 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Coahuila, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Zacatecas)
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AZ; CA; NV; UT
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Discussion | Within the flora area, Lycium californicum occurs in southern Arizona and southwestern California. Populations of L. californicum vary in both ploidy (diploid to tetraploid) and sexual system (hermaphroditic to gender dimorphic). Gender dimorphic populations are morphologically gynodioecious (functionally dioecious), and plants are sexually dimorphic for flower size, with smaller pistillate flowers. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Lycium cooperi occurs in western Arizona, southeastern California, southern Nevada (Clark and Esmeralda counties), and southwestern Utah (Washington County). It can be distinguished from the similar species L. pallidum and L. shockleyi by its dense, glandular pubescence and hard, constricted fruit. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 14. | FNA vol. 14. |
Parent taxa | Solanaceae > Lycium | Solanaceae > Lycium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. californicum var. arizonicum, L. californicum var. interior, L. carinatum | |
Name authority | Nuttall ex A. Gray in W. H. Brewer et al.: Bot. California 1: 542. (1876) | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 7: 388. (1868) |
Web links |