Lycium berlandieri |
Lycium barbarum |
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Berlandier wolfberry, Berlandier's wolfberry |
box thorn, goji berry, Matrimony-vine |
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Habit | Shrubs erect, 0.7–2.5 m; bark tan to gray to reddish or almost black; stems glabrous or pubescent. | Shrubs erect, 0.8–3 m; bark silvery tan; stems glabrous. |
Leaves | blade linear to spatulate, 1.5–15 × 1–4.5 mm, surfaces glabrous. |
blade lanceolate to oblong, 20–60 × 3–35 mm, surfaces glabrous. |
Inflorescences | 2–3-flowered fascicles or solitary flowers. |
2–4-flowered fascicles or solitary flowers. |
Pedicels | 3–20 mm. |
10–20 mm. |
Flowers | 4–5-merous; calyx cupulate, 1–3 mm, lobe lengths 0.3 times tube; corolla white to pale lavender, tubular to funnelform, 4–9 mm, lobe lengths 0.17–0.3 times tube; stamens included to exserted. |
4–6-merous; calyx campanulate, often 2-lobed, 3–5 mm, lobes 1–2 mm; corolla lavender to purple, funnelform, 8–13 mm, lobe lengths 0.5–1 times tube; stamens exserted. |
Berries | orange to red, globose, 5 mm, fleshy. |
red or orange-yellow, ovoid, 4–20 mm, fleshy. |
Seeds | 50+. |
4–20. |
2n | = 24. |
= 24. |
Lycium berlandieri |
Lycium barbarum |
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Phenology | Flowering Jul–Sep. | Flowering Mar–Oct. |
Habitat | Desert washes, rocky slopes, flats (Sonoran and Chihuahuan deserts). | Waste places, roadsides, fields. |
Elevation | 300–900 m. (1000–3000 ft.) | 0–2300 m. (0–7500 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; NM; OK; TX; Mexico (Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Hidalgo, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas)
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AL; AR; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; NS; ON; QC; SK; Asia (China) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Eurasia, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
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Discussion | Within the flora area, Lycium berlandieri occurs in Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas; it has been reported from western Oklahoma (Harmon and Jackson counties). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Lycium barbarum is naturalized across North America, Europe, and Asia, as well as Australia and New Zealand. It is commonly cultivated in northern China, especially in Ningxia province. The plants have uses from medicinal to tea and wine. See discussion of 15. L. chinense for confusion between these two introduced species, especially in the flora area. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 14. | FNA vol. 14. |
Parent taxa | Solanaceae > Lycium | Solanaceae > Lycium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. berlandieri var. longistylum, L. berlandieri var. parviflorum, L. berlandieri var. peninsulare | L. barbarum var. auranticarpum, L. halimifolium |
Name authority | Dunal in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle: Prodr. 13(1): 520. (1852) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 192. (1753) |
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