Flora of North America species comparison

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Lupinus succulentus

Lupinus perennis

arroyo lupine, hollowleaf annual lupine, succulent lupine

sundial lupine
Habit Herbs, annual, sometimes persisting more than one season, (1–)2–10 dm, fleshy, sparsely pubescent. Herbs, perennial, 2–8 dm, glabrous or densely shaggy; rhizomatous, patch-forming.
Stems

ascending or erect, branched or unbranched, usually succulent.

erect, unbranched or sparsely branched distally, usually hollow.
Leaves

cauline, may be crowded at base on new growth;

petiole 6–15 cm;

leaflets 7–9, blades 20–60 × 7–20 mm, adaxial surface glabrous.

cauline;

stipules 4–12 mm, longer proximally becoming smaller distally;

petiole (2–)5–10(–15) cm;

leaflets 7–11, blades (15–)20–45(–50) × 4–15 mm, abaxial surface appressed to spreading hairy, strigose, adaxial surface green, glabrous.
Racemes

15–25 cm;

flowers whorled.

8–20(–30) cm;

flowers spirally arranged or whorled.
Peduncles

5–9 cm;

bracts deciduous, 3–5 mm.

(2.5–)4–9 cm;

bracts tardily deciduous, 3–6 mm.
Pedicels

3–7 mm.

(3–)5–7(–10) mm.
Flowers

12–18 mm;

calyx 4–7 mm, lobes ± equal, abaxial lobe entire, adaxial lobe cleft;

corolla usually blue-purple, rarely white, lavender, or pink, banner spot white, becoming magenta, upper wing margins ciliate near claw, lower and upper keel margins ciliate near claw.

(8–)12–16 mm;

calyx abaxial lobe slightly 3-dentate, 5–6 mm, adaxial lobe notched, 4–5 mm;

corolla usually blue, sometimes pink or white, banner glabrous abaxially, upper keel margins ciliate.
Legumes

3.5–5 cm, coarsely pubescent to tomentose.

3–5 cm, villous.
Cotyledons

deciduous, petiolate.

deciduous, petiolate.
Seeds

6–9.

5 or 6.
2n

= 48.

= 48, 96.

Lupinus succulentus

Lupinus perennis
Phenology Flowering late winter–late spring (Feb–May). Flowering (Mar–)Apr–Jul(–Oct).
Habitat Open or disturbed areas, roadbanks. Sandy soils in dry areas, pine barrens, openings in oak or conifer forests, bluffs, meadows, roadsides.
Elevation 0–1300 m. (0–4300 ft.) 0–500 m. (0–1600 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON [Introduced in Asia (China)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Lupinus succulentus occurs widely throughout California except in the Great Basin and desert regions and extends into northern Mexico; it is introduced in Arizona. It may occasionally persist more than one season in Californian North Coast locations.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Shorter plants with more basal leaves have been recognized as subsp. gracilis; intermediates between the named varieties are abundant. Variety occidentalis was described from Michigan and Wisconsin as differing by its dense pubescence, which is a variable trait.

In the northern part of its range, Lupinus perennis is sympatric with L. polyphyllus and can be differentiated because the latter has more leaflets and a glabrous keel. Lupinus perennis is of conservation concern in some states and is an important host plant for lepidopterans; the federally endangered Karner Blue butterfly relies on L. perennis as a larval host plant and sundial lupine also is a larval host plant for Frosted Elfin (Callophrys irus) and Wild Indigo Duskywing (Erynnis baptisiae) butterflies and several species of moths.

Lupinus perennis is toxic and potentially fatal to livestock, due to the alkaloid D-lupaine (M. Wink et al. 1995).

Lupinus gracilis Nuttall (1834, not Kunth 1824) is an illegitimate name that pertains here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus
Sibling taxa
L. adsurgens, L. affinis, L. albicaulis, L. albifrons, L. andersonii, L. angustiflorus, L. antoninus, L. apertus, L. arboreus, L. arbustus, L. arcticus, L. argenteus, L. arizonicus, L. benthamii, L. bicolor, L. brevicaulis, L. breweri, L. cervinus, L. chamissonis, L. citrinus, L. concinnus, L. constancei, L. covillei, L. croceus, L. dalesiae, L. diffusus, L. duranii, L. elatus, L. elmeri, L. excubitus, L. flavoculatus, L. formosus, L. fulcratus, L. gracilentus, L. grayi, L. guadalupensis, L. havardii, L. hirsutissimus, L. huachucanus, L. hyacinthinus, L. kingii, L. kuschei, L. lapidicola, L. latifolius, L. lepidus, L. leucophyllus, L. littoralis, L. longifolius, L. ludovicianus, L. luteolus, L. magnificus, L. malacophyllus, L. microcarpus, L. nanus, L. neomexicanus, L. nevadensis, L. nipomensis, L. nootkatensis, L. obtusilobus, L. odoratus, L. onustus, L. oreganus, L. pachylobus, L. padrecrowleyi, L. peirsonii, L. perennis, L. polyphyllus, L. pratensis, L. pusillus, L. rivularis, L. sabineanus, L. sericatus, L. sericeus, L. shockleyi, L. sierrae-blancae, L. sparsiflorus, L. spectabilis, L. stiversii, L. subcarnosus, L. sulphureus, L. texensis, L. tidestromii, L. tracyi, L. truncatus, L. uncialis, L. villosus, L. westianus
L. adsurgens, L. affinis, L. albicaulis, L. albifrons, L. andersonii, L. angustiflorus, L. antoninus, L. apertus, L. arboreus, L. arbustus, L. arcticus, L. argenteus, L. arizonicus, L. benthamii, L. bicolor, L. brevicaulis, L. breweri, L. cervinus, L. chamissonis, L. citrinus, L. concinnus, L. constancei, L. covillei, L. croceus, L. dalesiae, L. diffusus, L. duranii, L. elatus, L. elmeri, L. excubitus, L. flavoculatus, L. formosus, L. fulcratus, L. gracilentus, L. grayi, L. guadalupensis, L. havardii, L. hirsutissimus, L. huachucanus, L. hyacinthinus, L. kingii, L. kuschei, L. lapidicola, L. latifolius, L. lepidus, L. leucophyllus, L. littoralis, L. longifolius, L. ludovicianus, L. luteolus, L. magnificus, L. malacophyllus, L. microcarpus, L. nanus, L. neomexicanus, L. nevadensis, L. nipomensis, L. nootkatensis, L. obtusilobus, L. odoratus, L. onustus, L. oreganus, L. pachylobus, L. padrecrowleyi, L. peirsonii, L. polyphyllus, L. pratensis, L. pusillus, L. rivularis, L. sabineanus, L. sericatus, L. sericeus, L. shockleyi, L. sierrae-blancae, L. sparsiflorus, L. spectabilis, L. stiversii, L. subcarnosus, L. succulentus, L. sulphureus, L. texensis, L. tidestromii, L. tracyi, L. truncatus, L. uncialis, L. villosus, L. westianus
Synonyms L. succulentus var. brandegeei, L. succulentus var. layneae L. nuttallii, L. perennis subsp. gracilis, L. perennis var. gracilis, L. perennis var. occidentalis
Name authority Douglas ex K. Koch: Wochenschr. Vereines Beford. Gartenbaues Konigl. Preuss. Staaten 4: 277. (1861) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 721. (1753)
Web links 
Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).



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