Lupinus subcarnosus |
Lupinus rivularis |
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Texas bluebonnet |
river-bank lupine, stream bank lupine |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, 1.5–4 dm, pubescent, hairs appressed or ascending. | Herbs, perennial, 3.5–10 dm, green, ± glabrous. |
Stems | ascending or erect, branched. |
decumbent, ascending, or erect, branched, dark brown to red, usually hollow. |
Leaves | cauline, often crowded near base; petiole 1–6 cm; leaflets 5 or 6, blades 10–25 × 4–15 mm, adaxial surface glabrate. |
cauline; stipules 7–15 mm; petiole 3–5 cm; leaflets 5–9, blades 20–40 × 4–9 mm, adaxial surface glabrous. |
Racemes | 6–12 cm; flowers crowded or spaced, spirally arranged, crowded on young growth. |
open, 15–50 cm; flowers ± whorled or not. |
Peduncles | 3–8 cm; bracts deciduous, 2.5–3 mm. |
3–15 cm; bracts deciduous, 8–10 mm. |
Pedicels | 3–7 mm. |
5–10 mm. |
Flowers | 9–12 mm; calyx 5–6 mm, abaxial lobe 3-lobed, 3–4 mm, adaxial lobe cleft, 2–2.5 mm, hairs becoming yellowish gray or brown on dried material; corolla pale blue-violet, banner spot white, keel glabrous, wings inflated. |
12–16 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire or ± 3-toothed, 7–9 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 7–8 mm; corolla violet, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate claw to tip. |
Legumes | 2.5–3.5 cm, yellowish gray- or brown-villous. |
dark, 3–7 cm, sparsely hairy. |
Cotyledons | usually persistent, petiolate. |
deciduous, petiolate. |
Seeds | 4 or 5. |
7 or 8, mottled brown with black line, 3–4 mm. |
2n | = 36. |
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Lupinus subcarnosus |
Lupinus rivularis |
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Phenology | Flowering spring. | Flowering Mar–Jun. |
Habitat | Sandy soils, roadsides, open woodlands, coastal plains. | Gravelly prairies, open woods, riverbanks. |
Elevation | 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) | 0–500 m. (0–1600 ft.) |
Distribution |
TX; Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo Léon) |
CA; OR; WA; BC
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Discussion | Lupinus subcarnosus is abundant and conspicuous in the coastal plain of southeastern Texas and extends into northern Mexico. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Lupinus rivularis ranges from Mendocino County in California northward through Oregon and Washington. It has been confirmed in British Columbia (where it is of conservation concern) in the extreme southwestern corner of the province, with a single population on southern Vancouver Island and five populations in the lower Fraser Valley. Lupinus rivularis is distinguished by its absence of wood, banners that are glabrous abaxially, ciliate keels, glabrous leaf surfaces, and violet flowers. It grades into blue-flowered L. arboreus but blooms earlier (late winter, spring) and is not sweet-smelling. L. L. Phillips (1955) considered L. rivularis as synonymous with L. albicaulis. Lupinus rivularis is widely planted for erosion control in western Oregon; it is of conservation concern in Canada. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. amphibius, L. lignipes | |
Name authority | Hooker: Bot. Mag. 63: plate 3467. (1836) | Douglas ex Lindley: Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 19: plate 1595. (1833) |
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