Lupinus shockleyi |
Lupinus perennis |
|
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desert lupine, purple desert lupine, Shockley lupine |
sundial lupine |
|
Habit | Herbs, annual, 0.4–3 dm, canescent, hairs 0.6–1 mm. | Herbs, perennial, 2–8 dm, glabrous or densely shaggy; rhizomatous, patch-forming. |
Stems | erect or ascending, very short, tufted or spreading, branched. |
erect, unbranched or sparsely branched distally, usually hollow. |
Leaves | cauline, crowded near base; stipules well developed; petiole 2–9 cm; leaflets 7–11, blades 10–30 × 4–10 mm, adaxial surface glabrous. |
cauline; stipules 4–12 mm, longer proximally becoming smaller distally; petiole (2–)5–10(–15) cm; leaflets 7–11, blades (15–)20–45(–50) × 4–15 mm, abaxial surface appressed to spreading hairy, strigose, adaxial surface green, glabrous. |
Racemes | several–many-flowered, 3–14 cm; flowers spirally arranged. |
8–20(–30) cm; flowers spirally arranged or whorled. |
Peduncles | 1–10 cm; bracts persistent, straight, 2–4 mm. |
(2.5–)4–9 cm; bracts tardily deciduous, 3–6 mm. |
Pedicels | 1–4 mm. |
(3–)5–7(–10) mm. |
Flowers | 4.5–7 mm; calyx 3–6 mm, lobes ± equal, abaxial lobe entire, adaxial lobe cleft; corolla dark blue-purple or whitish with blue tip, banner spot white becoming yellow, keel blunt, glabrous. |
(8–)12–16 mm; calyx abaxial lobe slightly 3-dentate, 5–6 mm, adaxial lobe notched, 4–5 mm; corolla usually blue, sometimes pink or white, banner glabrous abaxially, upper keel margins ciliate. |
Legumes | undulate, 1.5–2 cm, not constricted between seeds, ciliate with long, dense hairs, sides with short, inflated hairs becoming scaly on drying. |
3–5 cm, villous. |
Cotyledons | persistent, disclike, sessile. |
deciduous, petiolate. |
Seeds | 2, wrinkled. |
5 or 6. |
2n | = 48, 96. |
|
Lupinus shockleyi |
Lupinus perennis |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring (Apr–Jun). | Flowering (Mar–)Apr–Jul(–Oct). |
Habitat | Dunes, sandy areas, washes, playas. | Sandy soils in dry areas, pine barrens, openings in oak or conifer forests, bluffs, meadows, roadsides. |
Elevation | 0–1500 m. (0–4900 ft.) | 0–500 m. (0–1600 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; NV
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AL; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON [Introduced in Asia (China)]
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Discussion | Lupinus shockleyi occurs in the desert areas of southern California, adjacent areas of southern Nevada, and northwestern Arizona. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Shorter plants with more basal leaves have been recognized as subsp. gracilis; intermediates between the named varieties are abundant. Variety occidentalis was described from Michigan and Wisconsin as differing by its dense pubescence, which is a variable trait. In the northern part of its range, Lupinus perennis is sympatric with L. polyphyllus and can be differentiated because the latter has more leaflets and a glabrous keel. Lupinus perennis is of conservation concern in some states and is an important host plant for lepidopterans; the federally endangered Karner Blue butterfly relies on L. perennis as a larval host plant and sundial lupine also is a larval host plant for Frosted Elfin (Callophrys irus) and Wild Indigo Duskywing (Erynnis baptisiae) butterflies and several species of moths. Lupinus perennis is toxic and potentially fatal to livestock, due to the alkaloid D-lupaine (M. Wink et al. 1995). Lupinus gracilis Nuttall (1834, not Kunth 1824) is an illegitimate name that pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. nuttallii, L. perennis subsp. gracilis, L. perennis var. gracilis, L. perennis var. occidentalis | |
Name authority | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 470. (1887) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 721. (1753) |
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