The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

big-leaf lupine, blue lupine, bog lupine, large-leaf lupine

inch high lupine, lilliput lupine

Habit Herbs, perennial, 1–15 dm, green, glabrous or hairy; caudex subterranean and divisions rhizomelike, or superficial and divisions closely tufted. Herbs, annual, 0.1–0.2 dm, pilose.
Stems

erect, tufted, unbranched, stout, usually hollow.

very short, densely tufted, branched.

Leaves

basal and cauline;

stipules not leaflike, green to silvery, 5–40 mm;

petiole 3–45 cm, basal long-petiolate and forming a basal tuft, cauline petioles shorter distally;

leaflets (5 or)6–12(–17), blades (10–)30–150 × 5–25 mm, adaxial surface hairy or glabrous.

cauline, densely tufted or crowded near base;

free blades of stipules reduced, 1 mm;

petiole 0.4–1.5 cm;

leaflets (3 or)5, blades 2–7 × 1–1.5 mm, adaxial surface villous.

Racemes

open, 6–40 cm;

flowers ± whorled.

flowers solitary or paired, axillary.

Peduncles

3–13 cm;

bracts deciduous, 7–11 mm.

1.5–4 mm;

bracts persistent, 1 mm.

Pedicels

(2–)3–15 mm.

1 mm.

Flowers

9–15 mm;

calyx 4–8 mm, bulge or spur 0–1 mm, lobes entire;

corolla violet to lavender, pink, or white, banner patch yellow to white, sometimes turning red-purple, banner glabrous abaxially, keel upcurved, glabrous, ciliate, or ciliolate.

4–5 mm;

calyx 2.5–3 mm, abaxial lobe shallowly cleft, 2–2.5 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 0.5–1 mm;

corolla banner white, wings and keel purplish, keel glabrous.

Legumes

2.5–5 × 0.7–1 cm, hairy.

0.6–1 cm, pilose.

Cotyledons

deciduous, petiolate.

persistent, disclike, sessile.

Seeds

3–9.

1 or 2.

Lupinus polyphyllus

Lupinus uncialis

Phenology Flowering spring (May–Jun).
Habitat Open areas, barrens, talus in sagebrush and pinyon-juniper woodlands, on limestone, rhyolite, volcanic ash and sinter around hot springs.
Elevation 1400–2400 m. [4600–7900 ft.]
Distribution
from USDA
w North America [Introduced in South America (Argentina, Chile), Eurasia, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; ID; NV; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 6 (6 in the flora).

Lupinus polyphyllus was hybridized with L. arboreus and other species to create the Russell Lupine garden hybrid, which is invasive and occurs in New Zealand and the United Kingdom.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Lupinus uncialis occurs in the Great Basin of Nevada and extends into California, Idaho, and Oregon.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Adaxial surfaces of leaves silky strigulose, gray or silver.
var. humicola
1. Adaxial surfaces of leaves glabrous or ± puber­ulent, green.
→ 2
2. Herbs 5.5–12 dm; adaxial keel glabrous; plants of meadows, streams, or shores.
→ 3
3. Leaflets 9–17, blades 60–150 mm; widely distributed, Alaska and British Columbia southward to California, eastward to Montana, introduced in Ontario and Michigan, eastward to Prince Edward Island, and southward to Massachusetts and Maryland.
var. polyphyllus
3. Leaflets 5–11, blades 35–100 mm; British Columbia, California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming.
var. burkei
2. Herbs (1–)1.5–6.5 dm; adaxial keel ciliolate; plants of dry or vernally moist sites.
→ 4
4. Caudices subterranean, divisions rhizome­like; plants of barren clay sites in oak chaparral and sagebrush, 1200–3000 m.
var. ammophilus
4. Caudices above ground, divisions closely tufted, not rhizomelike; plants of valleys, foothill canyons, sagebrush scrub, arid microhabitats, 600–3000 m.
→ 5
5. Herbs (2–)3–6.5 dm; longest leaflet blades 35–110 mm; plants widespread in valleys and foothill canyons at 600–3000 m; Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming.
var. prunophilus
5. Herbs (1–)1.5–4 dm; longest leaflet blades 20–45 mm; plants of sagebrush scrub and arid microhabitats at 1000–2500 m; California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Washington.
var. saxosus
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11. Treatment authors: Teresa Sholars, Rhonda Riggins.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus
Sibling taxa
L. adsurgens, L. affinis, L. albicaulis, L. albifrons, L. andersonii, L. angustiflorus, L. antoninus, L. apertus, L. arboreus, L. arbustus, L. arcticus, L. argenteus, L. arizonicus, L. benthamii, L. bicolor, L. brevicaulis, L. breweri, L. cervinus, L. chamissonis, L. citrinus, L. concinnus, L. constancei, L. covillei, L. croceus, L. dalesiae, L. diffusus, L. duranii, L. elatus, L. elmeri, L. excubitus, L. flavoculatus, L. formosus, L. fulcratus, L. gracilentus, L. grayi, L. guadalupensis, L. havardii, L. hirsutissimus, L. huachucanus, L. hyacinthinus, L. kingii, L. kuschei, L. lapidicola, L. latifolius, L. lepidus, L. leucophyllus, L. littoralis, L. longifolius, L. ludovicianus, L. luteolus, L. magnificus, L. malacophyllus, L. microcarpus, L. nanus, L. neomexicanus, L. nevadensis, L. nipomensis, L. nootkatensis, L. obtusilobus, L. odoratus, L. onustus, L. oreganus, L. pachylobus, L. padrecrowleyi, L. peirsonii, L. perennis, L. pratensis, L. pusillus, L. rivularis, L. sabineanus, L. sericatus, L. sericeus, L. shockleyi, L. sierrae-blancae, L. sparsiflorus, L. spectabilis, L. stiversii, L. subcarnosus, L. succulentus, L. sulphureus, L. texensis, L. tidestromii, L. tracyi, L. truncatus, L. uncialis, L. villosus, L. westianus
L. adsurgens, L. affinis, L. albicaulis, L. albifrons, L. andersonii, L. angustiflorus, L. antoninus, L. apertus, L. arboreus, L. arbustus, L. arcticus, L. argenteus, L. arizonicus, L. benthamii, L. bicolor, L. brevicaulis, L. breweri, L. cervinus, L. chamissonis, L. citrinus, L. concinnus, L. constancei, L. covillei, L. croceus, L. dalesiae, L. diffusus, L. duranii, L. elatus, L. elmeri, L. excubitus, L. flavoculatus, L. formosus, L. fulcratus, L. gracilentus, L. grayi, L. guadalupensis, L. havardii, L. hirsutissimus, L. huachucanus, L. hyacinthinus, L. kingii, L. kuschei, L. lapidicola, L. latifolius, L. lepidus, L. leucophyllus, L. littoralis, L. longifolius, L. ludovicianus, L. luteolus, L. magnificus, L. malacophyllus, L. microcarpus, L. nanus, L. neomexicanus, L. nevadensis, L. nipomensis, L. nootkatensis, L. obtusilobus, L. odoratus, L. onustus, L. oreganus, L. pachylobus, L. padrecrowleyi, L. peirsonii, L. perennis, L. polyphyllus, L. pratensis, L. pusillus, L. rivularis, L. sabineanus, L. sericatus, L. sericeus, L. shockleyi, L. sierrae-blancae, L. sparsiflorus, L. spectabilis, L. stiversii, L. subcarnosus, L. succulentus, L. sulphureus, L. texensis, L. tidestromii, L. tracyi, L. truncatus, L. villosus, L. westianus
Subordinate taxa
L. polyphyllus var. ammophilus, L. polyphyllus var. burkei, L. polyphyllus var. humicola, L. polyphyllus var. polyphyllus, L. polyphyllus var. prunophilus, L. polyphyllus var. saxosus
Synonyms L. uncialis var. cryptanthus
Name authority Lindley: Bot. Reg. 13: plate 1096. (1827) S. Watson: Botany (Fortieth Parallel), 54, plate 7, figs. 5–10. (1871)
Web links