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big-leaf lupine, blue lupine, bog lupine, large-leaf lupine

Pursh's silky lupine, silky lupine

Habit Herbs, perennial, 1–15 dm, green, glabrous or hairy; caudex subterranean and divisions rhizomelike, or superficial and divisions closely tufted. Herbs, perennial, (2–)4–14 dm, silky-strigose to finely hirsute (with both short and long hairs).
Stems

erect, tufted, unbranched, stout, usually hollow.

erect, ascending, or decumbent, branched distally.

Leaves

basal and cauline;

stipules not leaflike, green to silvery, 5–40 mm;

petiole 3–45 cm, basal long-petiolate and forming a basal tuft, cauline petioles shorter distally;

leaflets (5 or)6–12(–17), blades (10–)30–150 × 5–25 mm, adaxial surface hairy or glabrous.

mostly cauline, basal normally absent;

stipules 5–7 mm;

petiole 2–14 cm (longer proximally becoming shorter distally);

leaflets 5–13, blades 10–60(–90) × 3–11(–19) mm, surfaces usually silky, rarely thinly silky appearing glabrous abaxially.

Racemes

open, 6–40 cm;

flowers ± whorled.

12–25(–42) cm;

flowers whorled or spirally arranged.

Peduncles

3–13 cm;

bracts deciduous, 7–11 mm.

2–4 cm;

bracts subdeciduous, 5–8 mm.

Pedicels

(2–)3–15 mm.

2–5(–6) mm.

Flowers

9–15 mm;

calyx 4–8 mm, bulge or spur 0–1 mm, lobes entire;

corolla violet to lavender, pink, or white, banner patch yellow to white, sometimes turning red-purple, banner glabrous abaxially, keel upcurved, glabrous, ciliate, or ciliolate.

8–14(–18) mm;

calyx sometimes slightly saccate, abaxial lobe subentire or entire, 5 mm, adaxial lobe 2-fid, 6 mm;

corolla pale purple to bright blue, sometimes yellowish or whitish, banner spot white to yellow turning brown, banner well reflexed-recurved at or proximal to midpoint, this 3.5–6 mm proximal to apex, keel moderately curved, banner silky-hairy abaxially, adaxial keel ciliate almost full length, not reaching tip.

Legumes

2.5–5 × 0.7–1 cm, hairy.

2–3.7 cm, densely pilosulous.

Cotyledons

deciduous, petiolate.

deciduous, petiolate.

Seeds

3–9.

(2 or)3–5(–7).

Lupinus polyphyllus

Lupinus sericeus

Phenology Flowering May–Aug.
Habitat Meadows, dry banks, bunch­grass prairies, sagebrush scrub, openings in conifer forests.
Elevation 200–3100 m. [700–10200 ft.]
Distribution
from USDA
w North America [Introduced in South America (Argentina, Chile), Eurasia, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 6 (6 in the flora).

Lupinus polyphyllus was hybridized with L. arboreus and other species to create the Russell Lupine garden hybrid, which is invasive and occurs in New Zealand and the United Kingdom.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Lupinus sericeus is widespread and common from the southern interior mountains in British Columbia and southwestern Alberta southward to eastern Washington and eastern Oregon to northern New Mexico and northwestern Arizona, northeastern Nevada through Idaho and Wyoming to the Black Hills in South Dakota.

Plants with creamy or white flowers in southeastern Washington are known as subsp. asotinensis. D. Isely (1998) recognized this taxon based on petal color and distribution, but since white and yellow flowers occur throughout the range of Lupinus sericeus, it is not formally recognized here.

Lupinus pureriae C. P. Smith may be a hybrid derived in part from L. sericeus, according to an annotation by D. B. Dunn on the holotype (CAS0008254).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Adaxial surfaces of leaves silky strigulose, gray or silver.
var. humicola
1. Adaxial surfaces of leaves glabrous or ± puber­ulent, green.
→ 2
2. Herbs 5.5–12 dm; adaxial keel glabrous; plants of meadows, streams, or shores.
→ 3
3. Leaflets 9–17, blades 60–150 mm; widely distributed, Alaska and British Columbia southward to California, eastward to Montana, introduced in Ontario and Michigan, eastward to Prince Edward Island, and southward to Massachusetts and Maryland.
var. polyphyllus
3. Leaflets 5–11, blades 35–100 mm; British Columbia, California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming.
var. burkei
2. Herbs (1–)1.5–6.5 dm; adaxial keel ciliolate; plants of dry or vernally moist sites.
→ 4
4. Caudices subterranean, divisions rhizome­like; plants of barren clay sites in oak chaparral and sagebrush, 1200–3000 m.
var. ammophilus
4. Caudices above ground, divisions closely tufted, not rhizomelike; plants of valleys, foothill canyons, sagebrush scrub, arid microhabitats, 600–3000 m.
→ 5
5. Herbs (2–)3–6.5 dm; longest leaflet blades 35–110 mm; plants widespread in valleys and foothill canyons at 600–3000 m; Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming.
var. prunophilus
5. Herbs (1–)1.5–4 dm; longest leaflet blades 20–45 mm; plants of sagebrush scrub and arid microhabitats at 1000–2500 m; California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Washington.
var. saxosus
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus
Sibling taxa
L. adsurgens, L. affinis, L. albicaulis, L. albifrons, L. andersonii, L. angustiflorus, L. antoninus, L. apertus, L. arboreus, L. arbustus, L. arcticus, L. argenteus, L. arizonicus, L. benthamii, L. bicolor, L. brevicaulis, L. breweri, L. cervinus, L. chamissonis, L. citrinus, L. concinnus, L. constancei, L. covillei, L. croceus, L. dalesiae, L. diffusus, L. duranii, L. elatus, L. elmeri, L. excubitus, L. flavoculatus, L. formosus, L. fulcratus, L. gracilentus, L. grayi, L. guadalupensis, L. havardii, L. hirsutissimus, L. huachucanus, L. hyacinthinus, L. kingii, L. kuschei, L. lapidicola, L. latifolius, L. lepidus, L. leucophyllus, L. littoralis, L. longifolius, L. ludovicianus, L. luteolus, L. magnificus, L. malacophyllus, L. microcarpus, L. nanus, L. neomexicanus, L. nevadensis, L. nipomensis, L. nootkatensis, L. obtusilobus, L. odoratus, L. onustus, L. oreganus, L. pachylobus, L. padrecrowleyi, L. peirsonii, L. perennis, L. pratensis, L. pusillus, L. rivularis, L. sabineanus, L. sericatus, L. sericeus, L. shockleyi, L. sierrae-blancae, L. sparsiflorus, L. spectabilis, L. stiversii, L. subcarnosus, L. succulentus, L. sulphureus, L. texensis, L. tidestromii, L. tracyi, L. truncatus, L. uncialis, L. villosus, L. westianus
L. adsurgens, L. affinis, L. albicaulis, L. albifrons, L. andersonii, L. angustiflorus, L. antoninus, L. apertus, L. arboreus, L. arbustus, L. arcticus, L. argenteus, L. arizonicus, L. benthamii, L. bicolor, L. brevicaulis, L. breweri, L. cervinus, L. chamissonis, L. citrinus, L. concinnus, L. constancei, L. covillei, L. croceus, L. dalesiae, L. diffusus, L. duranii, L. elatus, L. elmeri, L. excubitus, L. flavoculatus, L. formosus, L. fulcratus, L. gracilentus, L. grayi, L. guadalupensis, L. havardii, L. hirsutissimus, L. huachucanus, L. hyacinthinus, L. kingii, L. kuschei, L. lapidicola, L. latifolius, L. lepidus, L. leucophyllus, L. littoralis, L. longifolius, L. ludovicianus, L. luteolus, L. magnificus, L. malacophyllus, L. microcarpus, L. nanus, L. neomexicanus, L. nevadensis, L. nipomensis, L. nootkatensis, L. obtusilobus, L. odoratus, L. onustus, L. oreganus, L. pachylobus, L. padrecrowleyi, L. peirsonii, L. perennis, L. polyphyllus, L. pratensis, L. pusillus, L. rivularis, L. sabineanus, L. sericatus, L. shockleyi, L. sierrae-blancae, L. sparsiflorus, L. spectabilis, L. stiversii, L. subcarnosus, L. succulentus, L. sulphureus, L. texensis, L. tidestromii, L. tracyi, L. truncatus, L. uncialis, L. villosus, L. westianus
Subordinate taxa
L. polyphyllus var. ammophilus, L. polyphyllus var. burkei, L. polyphyllus var. humicola, L. polyphyllus var. polyphyllus, L. polyphyllus var. prunophilus, L. polyphyllus var. saxosus
Synonyms L. aeger-ovium, L. aliumbellatus, L. alpicola, L. amniculi-salicis, L. amplus, L. arceuthinus, L. bakeri, L. bakeri subsp. amplus, L. barbiger, L. blankinshipii, L. buckinghamii, L. comatus, L. diaboli-septem, L. dichrous, L. falsocomatus, L. fikerianus, L. flavicaulis, L. flexuosus, L. garfieldensis, L. habrocomus, L. hermanworkii, L. hiulcoflorus, L. huffmannii, L. jonesii, L. larsonianus, L. leucopsis, L. marianus, L. ornatus, L. puroviridus, L. quercus-jugi, L. ramosus, L. rickeri, L. sericeus subsp. asotinensis, L. sericeus var. asotinensis, L. sericeus var. barbiger, L. sericeus var. fikerianus, L. sericeus var. flexuosus, L. sericeus subsp. huffmannii, L. sericeus var. jonesii, L. sericeus var. wallowensis, L. spiraeaphilus, L. subulatus, L. tuckerianus
Name authority Lindley: Bot. Reg. 13: plate 1096. (1827) Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 468. (1813)
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