Lupinus polyphyllus |
Lupinus arboreus |
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big-leaf lupine, blue lupine, bog lupine, large-leaf lupine |
coastal bush lupine, tree lupine, yellow bush lupine |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, 1–15 dm, green, glabrous or hairy; caudex subterranean and divisions rhizomelike, or superficial and divisions closely tufted. | Shrubs, usually 5–20 dm, green-glabrous or silver-hairy. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | erect, tufted, unbranched, stout, usually hollow. |
ascending or erect, branched, woody. |
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Leaves | basal and cauline; stipules not leaflike, green to silvery, 5–40 mm; petiole 3–45 cm, basal long-petiolate and forming a basal tuft, cauline petioles shorter distally; leaflets (5 or)6–12(–17), blades (10–)30–150 × 5–25 mm, adaxial surface hairy or glabrous. |
cauline; stipules 8–12 mm; petiole 2–3(–6) cm; leaflets 5–12, blades 20–60 × 3–10 mm, adaxial surface glabrous. |
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Racemes | open, 6–40 cm; flowers ± whorled. |
10–30 cm; flowers whorled or not. |
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Peduncles | 3–13 cm; bracts deciduous, 7–11 mm. |
4–10 cm; bracts deciduous, 8–10 mm. |
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Pedicels | (2–)3–15 mm. |
4–10 mm. |
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Flowers | 9–15 mm; calyx 4–8 mm, bulge or spur 0–1 mm, lobes entire; corolla violet to lavender, pink, or white, banner patch yellow to white, sometimes turning red-purple, banner glabrous abaxially, keel upcurved, glabrous, ciliate, or ciliolate. |
14–18 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire, 5–7 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 5–9 mm; corolla usually yellow, rarely lilac to purple, banner patch darker or not or white, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate from claw to tip. |
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Legumes | 2.5–5 × 0.7–1 cm, hairy. |
4–7 cm, hairy. |
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Cotyledons | deciduous, petiolate. |
deciduous, petiolate. |
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Seeds | 3–9. |
8–12, black to tan, often striped lighter, 4–5 mm. |
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2n | = 48. |
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Lupinus polyphyllus |
Lupinus arboreus |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | |||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Coastal bluffs, dunes, disturbed sand. | |||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
w North America [Introduced in South America (Argentina, Chile), Eurasia, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
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CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California) [Introduced in South America (Argentina, Chile), Europe, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia (including Tasmania)]
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Discussion | Varieties 6 (6 in the flora). Lupinus polyphyllus was hybridized with L. arboreus and other species to create the Russell Lupine garden hybrid, which is invasive and occurs in New Zealand and the United Kingdom. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Lupinus arboreus is known from the central California coast southward to northern Baja California; it was introduced as a sand binder and has become naturalized in northern California, Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia. Lupinus arboreus grades into L. rivularis in the North Coast of California. Plants with yellow petals and sweet-smelling flowers are widely cultivated as a sand binder. Hairier plants from the western San Francisco Bay area with yellow banners and blue wings have been called var. eximius; plants with glabrous leaflets and purple petals have been called L. propinquus. Lupinus arboreus hybridizes with L. littoralis and probably other species. Seeds of L. arboreus species are toxic. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | L. arboreus var. eximius, L. propinquus | |||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Lindley: Bot. Reg. 13: plate 1096. (1827) | Sims: Bot. Mag. 18: plate 682. (1803) | ||||||||||||||||||||
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