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sundial lupine
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beach blue lupine, Chamisso bush lupine, dune bush lupine, silver dune lupine
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| Herbs, perennial, 2–8 dm, glabrous or densely shaggy; rhizomatous, patch-forming. |
Shrubs, 5–20 dm, silver, densely appressed-hairy. |
erect, unbranched or sparsely branched distally, usually hollow. |
erect or ascending, branched. |
cauline; stipules 4–12 mm, longer proximally becoming smaller distally; petiole (2–)5–10(–15) cm; leaflets 7–11, blades (15–)20–45(–50) × 4–15 mm, abaxial surface appressed to spreading hairy, strigose, adaxial surface green, glabrous. |
cauline; stipules 8–10 mm; petiole 1–3.5 cm; leaflets 5–9, blades 10–25 × 3–6 mm, adaxial surface pubescent. |
8–20(–30) cm; flowers spirally arranged or whorled. |
5–20 cm; flowers ± whorled. |
(2.5–)4–9 cm; bracts tardily deciduous, 3–6 mm. |
2–6 cm; bracts deciduous, 7–10 mm. |
(3–)5–7(–10) mm. |
4–8 mm. |
(8–)12–16 mm; calyx abaxial lobe slightly 3-dentate, 5–6 mm, adaxial lobe notched, 4–5 mm; corolla usually blue, sometimes pink or white, banner glabrous abaxially, upper keel margins ciliate. |
8–16 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire, 7–9 mm, adaxial lip deeply lobed, 5–7 mm; corolla light violet to blue, banner patch persistently yellow, banner densely hairy abaxially, lower keel margins ± ciliate, adaxial margins glabrous. |
3–5 cm, villous. |
2.5–3.5 cm, hairy. |
deciduous, petiolate. |
deciduous, petiolate. |
5 or 6. |
4–8, mottled brown, 4–5 mm. |
= 48, 96. |
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| Flowering (Mar–)Apr–Jul(–Oct). |
Flowering Mar–Jul. |
| Sandy soils in dry areas, pine barrens, openings in oak or conifer forests, bluffs, meadows, roadsides. |
Coastal strands, dunes. |
| 0–500 m. (0–1600 ft.) |
0–10 m. (0–0 ft.) |
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AL; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON [Introduced in Asia (China)]
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CA
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Shorter plants with more basal leaves have been recognized as subsp. gracilis; intermediates between the named varieties are abundant. Variety occidentalis was described from Michigan and Wisconsin as differing by its dense pubescence, which is a variable trait. In the northern part of its range, Lupinus perennis is sympatric with L. polyphyllus and can be differentiated because the latter has more leaflets and a glabrous keel. Lupinus perennis is of conservation concern in some states and is an important host plant for lepidopterans; the federally endangered Karner Blue butterfly relies on L. perennis as a larval host plant and sundial lupine also is a larval host plant for Frosted Elfin (Callophrys irus) and Wild Indigo Duskywing (Erynnis baptisiae) butterflies and several species of moths. Lupinus perennis is toxic and potentially fatal to livestock, due to the alkaloid D-lupaine (M. Wink et al. 1995). Lupinus gracilis Nuttall (1834, not Kunth 1824) is an illegitimate name that pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Lupinus chamissonis is known along the immediate coast from Los Angeles to Sonoma counties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
| FNA vol. 11. |
FNA vol. 11. |
| Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus |
Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus |
L. adsurgens, L. affinis, L. albicaulis, L. albifrons, L. andersonii, L. angustiflorus, L. antoninus, L. apertus, L. arboreus, L. arbustus, L. arcticus, L. argenteus, L. arizonicus, L. benthamii, L. bicolor, L. brevicaulis, L. breweri, L. cervinus, L. chamissonis, L. citrinus, L. concinnus, L. constancei, L. covillei, L. croceus, L. dalesiae, L. diffusus, L. duranii, L. elatus, L. elmeri, L. excubitus, L. flavoculatus, L. formosus, L. fulcratus, L. gracilentus, L. grayi, L. guadalupensis, L. havardii, L. hirsutissimus, L. huachucanus, L. hyacinthinus, L. kingii, L. kuschei, L. lapidicola, L. latifolius, L. lepidus, L. leucophyllus, L. littoralis, L. longifolius, L. ludovicianus, L. luteolus, L. magnificus, L. malacophyllus, L. microcarpus, L. nanus, L. neomexicanus, L. nevadensis, L. nipomensis, L. nootkatensis, L. obtusilobus, L. odoratus, L. onustus, L. oreganus, L. pachylobus, L. padrecrowleyi, L. peirsonii, L. polyphyllus, L. pratensis, L. pusillus, L. rivularis, L. sabineanus, L. sericatus, L. sericeus, L. shockleyi, L. sierrae-blancae, L. sparsiflorus, L. spectabilis, L. stiversii, L. subcarnosus, L. succulentus, L. sulphureus, L. texensis, L. tidestromii, L. tracyi, L. truncatus, L. uncialis, L. villosus, L. westianus |
L. adsurgens, L. affinis, L. albicaulis, L. albifrons, L. andersonii, L. angustiflorus, L. antoninus, L. apertus, L. arboreus, L. arbustus, L. arcticus, L. argenteus, L. arizonicus, L. benthamii, L. bicolor, L. brevicaulis, L. breweri, L. cervinus, L. citrinus, L. concinnus, L. constancei, L. covillei, L. croceus, L. dalesiae, L. diffusus, L. duranii, L. elatus, L. elmeri, L. excubitus, L. flavoculatus, L. formosus, L. fulcratus, L. gracilentus, L. grayi, L. guadalupensis, L. havardii, L. hirsutissimus, L. huachucanus, L. hyacinthinus, L. kingii, L. kuschei, L. lapidicola, L. latifolius, L. lepidus, L. leucophyllus, L. littoralis, L. longifolius, L. ludovicianus, L. luteolus, L. magnificus, L. malacophyllus, L. microcarpus, L. nanus, L. neomexicanus, L. nevadensis, L. nipomensis, L. nootkatensis, L. obtusilobus, L. odoratus, L. onustus, L. oreganus, L. pachylobus, L. padrecrowleyi, L. peirsonii, L. perennis, L. polyphyllus, L. pratensis, L. pusillus, L. rivularis, L. sabineanus, L. sericatus, L. sericeus, L. shockleyi, L. sierrae-blancae, L. sparsiflorus, L. spectabilis, L. stiversii, L. subcarnosus, L. succulentus, L. sulphureus, L. texensis, L. tidestromii, L. tracyi, L. truncatus, L. uncialis, L. villosus, L. westianus |
| L. nuttallii, L. perennis subsp. gracilis, L. perennis var. gracilis, L. perennis var. occidentalis |
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| Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 721. (1753) |
Eschscholtz: Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg Hist. Acad. 10(2): 288. (1826) |
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