Lupinus oreganus |
Lupinus diffusus |
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Kincaid's lupine, Oregon lupine |
Oak Ridge lupine, skyblue lupine |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, 3–10 dm, appressed-silky, green but sometimes hair is tawny; rhizomatous. | Herbs, usually perennial, sometimes annual or biennial, 2–8 dm, densely silky-pubescent, silvery becoming rusty or tawny. |
Stems | erect, usually unbranched. |
decumbent, spreading, many branched. |
Leaves | cauline (few and large) and basal (persistent until after anthesis); stipules 11 mm; petiole 5–20 cm; leaflets (7–)9–11(or 12), blades 20–50(–80) × 5–12 mm, abaxial surface with long, appressed hairs, especially on margins and veins, adaxial surface usually glabrous. |
basal, clustered; stipules 20–150 mm; petiole 2.5–10 cm; leaflet 1, blades 40–120 × 18–33 mm, adaxial surface densely sericeous or strigulose. |
Racemes | loose, 11–40 cm; flowers spirally arranged or whorled. |
8–30 cm; flowers whorled. |
Peduncles | 11–18 cm; bracts deciduous, 5 mm. |
3–4 cm; bracts deciduous, 4–8 mm. |
Pedicels | 5–12 mm. |
1–4 mm. |
Flowers | fragrant, 8–13 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire, 6 mm, adaxial lobe notched, 4–6 mm; corolla blue to purple, yellowish, or creamy white, banner distinctly ruffled, markedly concave on lateral face, banner glabrous or sparsely pubescent abaxially, wings glabrous, keel curved upward, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin glabrous. |
11–15 mm; calyx abaxial lobe entire, 5–10 mm, adaxial lobe 3-fid with 2 linear laterals, 4–8 mm; corolla light to deep blue, limb centrally white at base, banner spot white to cream, glabrous abaxially, keel glabrous. |
Legumes | 2–3 cm, glabrous. |
3–5 cm, appressed villous to sericeous. |
Cotyledons | deciduous, petiolate. |
deciduous, petiolate. |
Seeds | 4 or 5. |
4–7, gray mottled black, 4 mm. |
2n | = 48. |
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Lupinus oreganus |
Lupinus diffusus |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering Mar–May (year-round). |
Habitat | Dry hills, open ground, rocky, well-drained soils, sometimes serpentine, upland prairies, ecotones between grasslands and forests. | Sandhills, sand pine scrub, open woodlands. |
Elevation | 70–900 m. (200–3000 ft.) | 0–50 m. (0–200 ft.) |
Distribution |
OR; WA
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AL; FL; GA; MS; NC; SC
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Discussion | Lupinus oreganus is known from west of the Cascades from Douglas County, Oregon, northward to Lewis County in Washington. Historically, it was found in British Columbia in Victoria on Vancouver Island but has not been seen there since the 1920s and is now considered extirpated there. Lupinus oreganus is a food plant for Fender’s Blue Butterfly, listed by ESA as endangered. Lupinus oreganus (as var. kincaidii) is listed as endangered in Washington. It is also listed as extirpated by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada and the Species at Risk Act. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Lupinus diffusus differs from the other unifoliolate species in its much shorter pubescence and banners with a white eyespot. Lupinus cumulicola represents peninsular Florida forms that have strongly ascending foliose stems and sometimes broader leaves than usual. Some plants of L. diffusus from southern Florida have a vesture of hairs that approach those of L. villosus in length. Lupinus diffusus seeds are known to be toxic (D. J. Wagstaff 2008). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. oreganus var. kincaidii, L. sulphureus var. kincaidii | L. cumulicola |
Name authority | A. Heller: Muhlenbergia 7: 89, fig. 14. (1911) | Nuttall: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 93. (1818) |
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