Lupinus microcarpus |
Lupinus arboreus |
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chick lupine, wide-bannered lupine |
coastal bush lupine, tree lupine, yellow bush lupine |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, 1–8 dm, sparsely to densely pubescent. | Shrubs, usually 5–20 dm, green-glabrous or silver-hairy. | ||||||||
Stems | ascending or erect, branched near base or middle, or unbranched, hollow, at least near base. |
ascending or erect, branched, woody. |
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Leaves | cauline; petiole 3–15 cm; leaflets 5–9(–11), blades 10–50 × 2–12 mm, adaxial surface glabrous. |
cauline; stipules 8–12 mm; petiole 2–3(–6) cm; leaflets 5–12, blades 20–60 × 3–10 mm, adaxial surface glabrous. |
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Racemes | 4–60 cm; flowers in crowded to widely spaced whorls. |
10–30 cm; flowers whorled or not. |
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Peduncles | 2–30 cm; bracts persistent, reflexed, 3.5–12 mm. |
4–10 cm; bracts deciduous, 8–10 mm. |
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Pedicels | 0.5–5 mm. |
4–10 mm. |
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Flowers | 8–18 mm; calyx appendages usually absent, sometimes present, abaxial lobe 5–11 mm, adaxial lobe 2–6 mm; corolla white to dark yellow, pink to dark rose, or lavender to purple, lower wing margins sometimes ciliate, upper margins usually ciliate near claw, upper keel margins usually ciliate near claw, lower margins sometimes ciliate but not as densely. |
14–18 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire, 5–7 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 5–9 mm; corolla usually yellow, rarely lilac to purple, banner patch darker or not or white, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate from claw to tip. |
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Legumes | 1–1.8 cm, pubescent. |
4–7 cm, hairy. |
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Cotyledons | persistent or deciduous (leaving circular scar), disclike, sessile. |
deciduous, petiolate. |
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Seeds | 2, tan to brown, usually mottled, ridged or smooth. |
8–12, black to tan, often striped lighter, 4–5 mm. |
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2n | = 48. |
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Lupinus microcarpus |
Lupinus arboreus |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | |||||||||
Habitat | Coastal bluffs, dunes, disturbed sand. | |||||||||
Elevation | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) | |||||||||
Distribution |
w North America; nw Mexico; South America
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CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California) [Introduced in South America (Argentina, Chile), Europe, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia (including Tasmania)]
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Discussion | Varieties 3 (3 in the flora). Lupinus microcarpus is highly variable and with varieties intergrading. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Lupinus arboreus is known from the central California coast southward to northern Baja California; it was introduced as a sand binder and has become naturalized in northern California, Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia. Lupinus arboreus grades into L. rivularis in the North Coast of California. Plants with yellow petals and sweet-smelling flowers are widely cultivated as a sand binder. Hairier plants from the western San Francisco Bay area with yellow banners and blue wings have been called var. eximius; plants with glabrous leaflets and purple petals have been called L. propinquus. Lupinus arboreus hybridizes with L. littoralis and probably other species. Seeds of L. arboreus species are toxic. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | L. arboreus var. eximius, L. propinquus | |||||||||
Name authority | Sims: Bot. Mag. 50: plate 2413. (1823) | Sims: Bot. Mag. 18: plate 682. (1803) | ||||||||
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