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Donner Lake lupine, dwarf lupine, Lobb's lupine, Pacific lupine, prairie lupine, prostrate lupine, stool lupine, tidy lupine

Kincaid's lupine, Oregon lupine

Habit Herbs, perennial, less than 6 dm, matted, hairy. Herbs, perennial, 3–10 dm, appressed-silky, green but sometimes hair is tawny; rhizomatous.
Stems

acaulescent or prostrate to ± erect, unbranched or branched.

erect, usually unbranched.

Leaves

usually basal, sometimes cauline present;

stipules 3–25 mm;

petiole 2–13 cm;

leaflets 5–8, blades 5–40 × 3–7 mm, surfaces pubescent.

cauline (few and large) and basal (persistent until after anthesis);

stipules 11 mm;

petiole 5–20 cm;

leaflets (7–)9–11(or 12), blades 20–50(–80) × 5–12 mm, abaxial surface with long, appressed hairs, especially on margins and veins, adaxial surface usually glabrous.

Racemes

dense, 3–20 cm, not exceeding to exserted beyond leaves;

flowers whorled, usually crowded.

loose, 11–40 cm;

flowers spirally arranged or whorled.

Peduncles

2–13 cm;

bracts usually persistent, 4–15 mm.

11–18 cm;

bracts deciduous, 5 mm.

Pedicels

0.4–3 mm.

5–12 mm.

Flowers

6–13 mm;

calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire or 3-toothed, 4–7 mm, adaxial lobe entire or 2-toothed, 3–7 mm;

corolla pink, violet, or blue, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate.

fragrant, 8–13 mm;

calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire, 6 mm, adaxial lobe notched, 4–6 mm;

corolla blue to purple, yellowish, or creamy white, banner distinctly ruffled, markedly concave on lateral face, banner glabrous or sparsely pubescent abaxially, wings glabrous, keel curved upward, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin glabrous.

Legumes

1–2 cm, hairy.

2–3 cm, glabrous.

Cotyledons

deciduous, petiolate.

deciduous, petiolate.

Seeds

2–6, ± mottled tan or green to brown, 2–4 mm.

4 or 5.

2n

= 48.

Lupinus lepidus

Lupinus oreganus

Phenology Flowering Apr–Jun.
Habitat Dry hills, open ground, rocky, well-drained soils, sometimes serpentine, upland prairies, ecotones between grasslands and forests.
Elevation 70–900 m. (200–3000 ft.)
Distribution
from USDA
w North America
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
OR; WA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 10 (10 in the flora).

Dwarf perennial lupines are usually characterized by a cespitose habit, persistent inflorescence bracts, banners that are glabrous abaxially, and ciliate keel petals. The history of the taxonomy of this group was discussed in detail by B. J. Cox (1972), R. C. Barneby (1989), and K. A. Weitemier (2010). Barneby gave justification for his conservative treatment of this taxon, which is generally followed here. Genetic analysis in lupines has shown little separation, according to Weitemier, but he suggested that there is good evidence to retain these variations as varieties, following Barneby, rather than elevating them to species level.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Lupinus oreganus is known from west of the Cascades from Douglas County, Oregon, northward to Lewis County in Washington. Historically, it was found in British Columbia in Victoria on Vancouver Island but has not been seen there since the 1920s and is now considered extirpated there.

Lupinus oreganus is a food plant for Fender’s Blue Butterfly, listed by ESA as endangered. Lupinus oreganus (as var. kincaidii) is listed as endangered in Washington. It is also listed as extirpated by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada and the Species at Risk Act.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Racemes not exceeding leaves, or only partially so.
→ 2
2. Banner recurved, reflexed, 3+ mm wide.
var. aridus
2. Banner not or scarcely recurved, overhanging wings, 2.5–3 mm wide.
→ 3
3. Stems present and branched; leaves basal and cauline; racemes loose; pedicels 2.5–.
var. cusickii
3. Stems very short or absent, densely tufted; leaves basal; racemes dense; pedicels 0.4–.
→ 1
1. 5 mm.
var. utahensis
1. Racemes entirely exserted beyond leaves.
→ 4
4. Leaves clustered near base (appearing ± basal); herbs appearing acaulescent or shortly caulescent.
→ 5
5. Flowers 9–12 mm; leaflet blades 10–20 mm; rare, only from Mt. Ashland, Oregon.
L. lepidus var ashlandensis
5. Flowers 6–9(–10) mm; leaflet blades 5–30 mm; British Columbia southward to California, eastward to Idaho, Nevada.
→ 6
6. Racemes ± dense, 2–8 cm; herbs to 1 dm; leaflet blades 5–10 mm; elevation (1600–)2000–3500 m.
var. lobbii
6. Racemes elongate, (2–)4.5–11(–15) cm; herbs 1.2–3.5 dm; leaflet blades 10–30 mm; elevation 1000–2500 m.
var. sellulus
4. Leaves usually spread along stems or at least with some tufts of cauline leaves; herbs usually strongly caulescent (except stems short or absent in var. culbertsonii).
→ 7
7. Flowers 10–14 mm; Alberta, British Columbia, Alaska, Oregon, Washington.
var. lepidus
7. Flowers 7–11.5(–12) mm; California, Nevada.
→ 8
8. Racemes dense, (5–)12–30 cm; flowers in 9–12 whorls, dense; leaves cauline; elevation (300–)1500–2500(–3200 m).
var. confertus
8. Racemes usually open, 2–10(–12) cm; flowers in (2 or)3–7 whorls, ± well spaced; leaves basal and cauline; elevation 1900–4000 m.
→ 9
9. Leaflet blades usually 10–30 mm; flowers (9–)10–11.5 mm; elevation 1900–3600 m.
var. culbertsonii
9. Leaflet blades usually 5–15(–30) mm; flowers usually 7–9(–12) mm; elevation 2300–4000 m.
var. ramosus
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus
Sibling taxa
L. adsurgens, L. affinis, L. albicaulis, L. albifrons, L. andersonii, L. angustiflorus, L. antoninus, L. apertus, L. arboreus, L. arbustus, L. arcticus, L. argenteus, L. arizonicus, L. benthamii, L. bicolor, L. brevicaulis, L. breweri, L. cervinus, L. chamissonis, L. citrinus, L. concinnus, L. constancei, L. covillei, L. croceus, L. dalesiae, L. diffusus, L. duranii, L. elatus, L. elmeri, L. excubitus, L. flavoculatus, L. formosus, L. fulcratus, L. gracilentus, L. grayi, L. guadalupensis, L. havardii, L. hirsutissimus, L. huachucanus, L. hyacinthinus, L. kingii, L. kuschei, L. lapidicola, L. latifolius, L. leucophyllus, L. littoralis, L. longifolius, L. ludovicianus, L. luteolus, L. magnificus, L. malacophyllus, L. microcarpus, L. nanus, L. neomexicanus, L. nevadensis, L. nipomensis, L. nootkatensis, L. obtusilobus, L. odoratus, L. onustus, L. oreganus, L. pachylobus, L. padrecrowleyi, L. peirsonii, L. perennis, L. polyphyllus, L. pratensis, L. pusillus, L. rivularis, L. sabineanus, L. sericatus, L. sericeus, L. shockleyi, L. sierrae-blancae, L. sparsiflorus, L. spectabilis, L. stiversii, L. subcarnosus, L. succulentus, L. sulphureus, L. texensis, L. tidestromii, L. tracyi, L. truncatus, L. uncialis, L. villosus, L. westianus
L. adsurgens, L. affinis, L. albicaulis, L. albifrons, L. andersonii, L. angustiflorus, L. antoninus, L. apertus, L. arboreus, L. arbustus, L. arcticus, L. argenteus, L. arizonicus, L. benthamii, L. bicolor, L. brevicaulis, L. breweri, L. cervinus, L. chamissonis, L. citrinus, L. concinnus, L. constancei, L. covillei, L. croceus, L. dalesiae, L. diffusus, L. duranii, L. elatus, L. elmeri, L. excubitus, L. flavoculatus, L. formosus, L. fulcratus, L. gracilentus, L. grayi, L. guadalupensis, L. havardii, L. hirsutissimus, L. huachucanus, L. hyacinthinus, L. kingii, L. kuschei, L. lapidicola, L. latifolius, L. lepidus, L. leucophyllus, L. littoralis, L. longifolius, L. ludovicianus, L. luteolus, L. magnificus, L. malacophyllus, L. microcarpus, L. nanus, L. neomexicanus, L. nevadensis, L. nipomensis, L. nootkatensis, L. obtusilobus, L. odoratus, L. onustus, L. pachylobus, L. padrecrowleyi, L. peirsonii, L. perennis, L. polyphyllus, L. pratensis, L. pusillus, L. rivularis, L. sabineanus, L. sericatus, L. sericeus, L. shockleyi, L. sierrae-blancae, L. sparsiflorus, L. spectabilis, L. stiversii, L. subcarnosus, L. succulentus, L. sulphureus, L. texensis, L. tidestromii, L. tracyi, L. truncatus, L. uncialis, L. villosus, L. westianus
Subordinate taxa
L. lepidus var ashlandensis, L. lepidus var. aridus, L. lepidus var. confertus, L. lepidus var. culbertsonii, L. lepidus var. cusickii, L. lepidus var. lepidus, L. lepidus var. lobbii, L. lepidus var. ramosus, L. lepidus var. sellulus, L. lepidus var. utahensis
Synonyms L. oreganus var. kincaidii, L. sulphureus var. kincaidii
Name authority Douglas ex Lindley: Bot. Reg. 14: plate 1149. (1828) A. Heller: Muhlenbergia 7: 89, fig. 14. (1911)
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