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broad-leaf lupine

bicolor lupine, field lupine, Lindley's annual lupine, Lindley's lupine, lupine, miniature lupine, Montana lupine, small-flower lupine, two-color lupine, two-colour lupine

Habit Herbs, perennial, 3–24 dm, not fleshy, green, glabrous or hairy. Herbs, annual, 0.5–4 dm, pubescent.
Stems

erect or spreading, branched or unbranched.

ascending or erect, branched or unbranched.

Leaves

cauline, basal when present withered by anthesis;

stipules 5–10 mm;

petiole 4–20 cm;

leaflets 5–11, blades 40–100 × 6–24 mm, abaxial surface ± hairy, adaxial surface glabrous or hairy.

cauline;

petiole 1–7 cm;

leaflets 5–8, blades 10–40 × 1–5 mm, adaxial surface glabrous or sparsely pubescent.

Racemes

16–60 cm;

flowers whorled or spirally arranged.

4–20 cm;

flowers usually in fewer than 5 whorls, sometimes spirally arranged.

Peduncles

8–20 cm;

bracts deciduous, 8–12 mm.

3–10 cm;

bracts deciduous, 4–6 mm.

Pedicels

2–12 mm.

1–3.5 mm.

Flowers

8–18 mm;

calyx abaxial lobe entire or notched, 4–8 mm, adaxial lobe entire or 2-toothed, 5–10 mm;

corolla blue or purple to white, banner patch usually white to yellowish turning purple, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins usually ciliate, adaxial margin ciliate from claw to middle.

4–10 mm;

calyx abaxial lobe entire, 4–6 mm, adaxial lobe deeply cleft, 2–4 mm;

corolla usually blue, rarely light blue, pink, or white, banner spot white, becoming magenta, upper keel margins usually ciliate near apex, rarely glabrous, sometimes blunt, banner longer than wide.

Legumes

2–4.5 cm, ± densely hairy.

1–3 × 0.3–0.6 cm, pubescent.

Cotyledons

deciduous, petiolate.

deciduous, petiolate.

Seeds

6–10, mottled dark brown, 3–4 mm.

5–8.

2n

= 48.

Lupinus latifolius

Lupinus bicolor

Phenology Flowering late winter–spring (Mar–Jun).
Habitat Open or disturbed areas.
Elevation 0–1600 m. [0–5200 ft.]
Distribution
from USDA
w North America; nw Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 5 (5 in the flora).

Various authors have differed in their circumscriptions of Lupinus latifolius. For example, P. K. Vaughn and D. B. Dunn (1977) recognized three varieties, D. Isely (1998) recognized six varieties, and C. L. Hitchcock et al. (1955–1969, vol. 3) recognized three varieties. The most conservative approach has been taken here by recognizing taxa that have the clearest characteristics, but that approach might not reflect phylogeny. Research is needed to clarify the varieties and particularly the relationships among L. latifolius and L. arcticus, L. perennis, and L. polyphyllus.

Lupinus latifolius is known to cause birth defects in livestock (R. F. Keeler et al. 1977).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Lupinus bicolor is naturalized in Arizona. The named subspecies and varieties do not conform to consistently recognizable geographical or morphological entities (D. B. Dunn 1955). Vigorous plants with larger flowers may be confused with L. nanus. In California, plants on the Outer North Coast Ranges may persist for two growing seasons. Lupinus bicolor (as L. polycarpus) has been reported from Alabama (A. R. Diamond 2016) and Michigan (E. G. Voss and A. A. Reznicek 2012).

Lupinus micranthus Douglas (1829, not Gussone 1828) is an illegitimate name that pertains here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Flowers 8–14 mm.
→ 2
2. Flowers 10–14(–16) mm.
var. latifolius
2. Flowers 8–10(–12) mm.
var. viridifolius
1. Flowers 12–18 mm.
→ 3
3. Stems densely hairy, not hollow; San Francisco Bay area, California.
var. dudleyi
3. Stems glabrate or sparsely strigose, hollow; sw California or n Oregon to British Columbia.
→ 4
4. Herbs 5–20 dm, caudex often unbranched; Arizona, California.
var. parishii
4. Herbs 2.5–6 dm, caudex branched; n Oregon to British Columbia.
var. subalpinus
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus
Sibling taxa
L. adsurgens, L. affinis, L. albicaulis, L. albifrons, L. andersonii, L. angustiflorus, L. antoninus, L. apertus, L. arboreus, L. arbustus, L. arcticus, L. argenteus, L. arizonicus, L. benthamii, L. bicolor, L. brevicaulis, L. breweri, L. cervinus, L. chamissonis, L. citrinus, L. concinnus, L. constancei, L. covillei, L. croceus, L. dalesiae, L. diffusus, L. duranii, L. elatus, L. elmeri, L. excubitus, L. flavoculatus, L. formosus, L. fulcratus, L. gracilentus, L. grayi, L. guadalupensis, L. havardii, L. hirsutissimus, L. huachucanus, L. hyacinthinus, L. kingii, L. kuschei, L. lapidicola, L. lepidus, L. leucophyllus, L. littoralis, L. longifolius, L. ludovicianus, L. luteolus, L. magnificus, L. malacophyllus, L. microcarpus, L. nanus, L. neomexicanus, L. nevadensis, L. nipomensis, L. nootkatensis, L. obtusilobus, L. odoratus, L. onustus, L. oreganus, L. pachylobus, L. padrecrowleyi, L. peirsonii, L. perennis, L. polyphyllus, L. pratensis, L. pusillus, L. rivularis, L. sabineanus, L. sericatus, L. sericeus, L. shockleyi, L. sierrae-blancae, L. sparsiflorus, L. spectabilis, L. stiversii, L. subcarnosus, L. succulentus, L. sulphureus, L. texensis, L. tidestromii, L. tracyi, L. truncatus, L. uncialis, L. villosus, L. westianus
L. adsurgens, L. affinis, L. albicaulis, L. albifrons, L. andersonii, L. angustiflorus, L. antoninus, L. apertus, L. arboreus, L. arbustus, L. arcticus, L. argenteus, L. arizonicus, L. benthamii, L. brevicaulis, L. breweri, L. cervinus, L. chamissonis, L. citrinus, L. concinnus, L. constancei, L. covillei, L. croceus, L. dalesiae, L. diffusus, L. duranii, L. elatus, L. elmeri, L. excubitus, L. flavoculatus, L. formosus, L. fulcratus, L. gracilentus, L. grayi, L. guadalupensis, L. havardii, L. hirsutissimus, L. huachucanus, L. hyacinthinus, L. kingii, L. kuschei, L. lapidicola, L. latifolius, L. lepidus, L. leucophyllus, L. littoralis, L. longifolius, L. ludovicianus, L. luteolus, L. magnificus, L. malacophyllus, L. microcarpus, L. nanus, L. neomexicanus, L. nevadensis, L. nipomensis, L. nootkatensis, L. obtusilobus, L. odoratus, L. onustus, L. oreganus, L. pachylobus, L. padrecrowleyi, L. peirsonii, L. perennis, L. polyphyllus, L. pratensis, L. pusillus, L. rivularis, L. sabineanus, L. sericatus, L. sericeus, L. shockleyi, L. sierrae-blancae, L. sparsiflorus, L. spectabilis, L. stiversii, L. subcarnosus, L. succulentus, L. sulphureus, L. texensis, L. tidestromii, L. tracyi, L. truncatus, L. uncialis, L. villosus, L. westianus
Subordinate taxa
L. latifolius var. dudleyi, L. latifolius var. latifolius, L. latifolius var. parishii, L. latifolius var. subalpinus, L. latifolius var. viridifolius
Synonyms L. rivularis var. latifolius L. bicolor subsp. marginatus, L. bicolor var. micranthus, L. bicolor subsp. microphyllus, L. bicolor var. microphyllus, L. bicolor subsp. pipersmithii, L. bicolor var. pipersmithii, L. bicolor var. rostratus, L. bicolor subsp. tridentatus, L. bicolor var. tridentatus, L. bicolor var. trifidus, L. bicolor subsp. umbellatus, L. bicolor var. umbellatus, L. congdonii, L. polycarpus
Name authority J. Agardh: Syn. Lupini, 18. (1835) Lindley: Bot. Reg. 13: plate 1109. (1827)
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