Lupinus concinnus |
Lupinus perennis |
|
---|---|---|
bajada lupine |
sundial lupine |
|
Habit | Herbs, annual, 1–3 dm, spreading-pubescent. | Herbs, perennial, 2–8 dm, glabrous or densely shaggy; rhizomatous, patch-forming. |
Stems | ascending, tufted, or erect, branched or unbranched. |
erect, unbranched or sparsely branched distally, usually hollow. |
Leaves | cauline; petiole 2–7 cm, spreading-pubescent; leaflets 5–9, blades 10–30 × 1.5–8 mm, surfaces pubescent. |
cauline; stipules 4–12 mm, longer proximally becoming smaller distally; petiole (2–)5–10(–15) cm; leaflets 7–11, blades (15–)20–45(–50) × 4–15 mm, abaxial surface appressed to spreading hairy, strigose, adaxial surface green, glabrous. |
Racemes | 1–18 cm; flowers spirally arranged, solitary axillary flowers also sometimes present. |
8–20(–30) cm; flowers spirally arranged or whorled. |
Peduncles | erect, 2–8 cm; bracts persistent, straight, 2.5–4 mm. |
(2.5–)4–9 cm; bracts tardily deciduous, 3–6 mm. |
Pedicels | 0.7–2 mm. |
(3–)5–7(–10) mm. |
Flowers | 5–12 mm; calyx 3–5 mm, lobes ± equal, abaxial lobe entire, adaxial lobe deeply cleft; corolla usually pink to purple, rarely white, banner spot white or yellowish, keel usually glabrous, rarely with few, minute cilia on lower margins. |
(8–)12–16 mm; calyx abaxial lobe slightly 3-dentate, 5–6 mm, adaxial lobe notched, 4–5 mm; corolla usually blue, sometimes pink or white, banner glabrous abaxially, upper keel margins ciliate. |
Legumes | 1–1.5 cm, pubescent. |
3–5 cm, villous. |
Cotyledons | deciduous, petiolate. |
deciduous, petiolate. |
Seeds | 3–5. |
5 or 6. |
2n | = 48. |
= 48, 96. |
Lupinus concinnus |
Lupinus perennis |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring. | Flowering (Mar–)Apr–Jul(–Oct). |
Habitat | Open or disturbed areas, often following burns. | Sandy soils in dry areas, pine barrens, openings in oak or conifer forests, bluffs, meadows, roadsides. |
Elevation | 0–1600 m. (0–5200 ft.) | 0–500 m. (0–1600 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; NM; NV; TX; UT; Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora)
|
AL; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON [Introduced in Asia (China)]
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Discussion | In Texas, Lupinus concinnus is known from the trans-Pecos region; in California it is more common in the central and southern areas. Lupinus concinnus is a highly variable, predominantly self-pollinated complex and the named varieties cannot be consistently segregated. Desert plants with linear, coarsely hairy leaflets and few, minute cilia on lower keel margins (at times recognized as var. desertorum) may be confused with L. sparsiflorus. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Shorter plants with more basal leaves have been recognized as subsp. gracilis; intermediates between the named varieties are abundant. Variety occidentalis was described from Michigan and Wisconsin as differing by its dense pubescence, which is a variable trait. In the northern part of its range, Lupinus perennis is sympatric with L. polyphyllus and can be differentiated because the latter has more leaflets and a glabrous keel. Lupinus perennis is of conservation concern in some states and is an important host plant for lepidopterans; the federally endangered Karner Blue butterfly relies on L. perennis as a larval host plant and sundial lupine also is a larval host plant for Frosted Elfin (Callophrys irus) and Wild Indigo Duskywing (Erynnis baptisiae) butterflies and several species of moths. Lupinus perennis is toxic and potentially fatal to livestock, due to the alkaloid D-lupaine (M. Wink et al. 1995). Lupinus gracilis Nuttall (1834, not Kunth 1824) is an illegitimate name that pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. agardhianus, L. concinnus var. agardhianus, L. concinnus var. desertorum, L. concinnus subsp. optatus, L. concinnus var. optatus, L. concinnus subsp. orcuttii, L. concinnus var. orcuttii, L. concinnus var. pallidus, L. pallidus | L. nuttallii, L. perennis subsp. gracilis, L. perennis var. gracilis, L. perennis var. occidentalis |
Name authority | J. Agardh: Syn. Lupini, 6, plate 1, fig. 1. (1835) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 721. (1753) |
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