Lupinus brevicaulis |
Lupinus arboreus |
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sand lupine, short stem blue lupine, short-stem lupine |
coastal bush lupine, tree lupine, yellow bush lupine |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, usually less than 1 dm, pubescent, hairs more than 1 mm. | Shrubs, usually 5–20 dm, green-glabrous or silver-hairy. |
Stems | very short, tufted, branched. |
ascending or erect, branched, woody. |
Leaves | cauline, crowded near base; stipules well developed; petiole 1–6 cm; leaflets (3 or)5–9, blades 8–20 × 2–9 mm, adaxial surface glabrous. |
cauline; stipules 8–12 mm; petiole 2–3(–6) cm; leaflets 5–12, blades 20–60 × 3–10 mm, adaxial surface glabrous. |
Racemes | dense, 3–16-flowered, 1–8 cm; flowers spirally arranged, crowded. |
10–30 cm; flowers whorled or not. |
Peduncles | 1–8(–10) cm; bracts persistent, straight, 2–3 mm. |
4–10 cm; bracts deciduous, 8–10 mm. |
Pedicels | 0.3–1.5 mm. |
4–10 mm. |
Flowers | 6–8 mm; calyx abaxial lobe entire or shallowly cleft, ± 6 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 3 mm, less than 1/2 as long as abaxial; corolla bright blue, banner spot white or yellow, keel glabrous. |
14–18 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire, 5–7 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 5–9 mm; corolla usually yellow, rarely lilac to purple, banner patch darker or not or white, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate from claw to tip. |
Legumes | not undulate, 1 cm, thinly pilose to coarsely hirsute. |
4–7 cm, hairy. |
Cotyledons | persistent, disclike, sessile. |
deciduous, petiolate. |
Seeds | 1 or 2, smooth. |
8–12, black to tan, often striped lighter, 4–5 mm. |
2n | = 48. |
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Lupinus brevicaulis |
Lupinus arboreus |
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Phenology | Flowering spring. | Flowering Apr–Jul. |
Habitat | Sandy washes, open areas, grasslands, pinyon pine-juniper forests, creosote bush scrub, mesquite. | Coastal bluffs, dunes, disturbed sand. |
Elevation | 300–2400 m. (1000–7900 ft.) | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; NM; NV; OR; UT; WY; Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)
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CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California) [Introduced in South America (Argentina, Chile), Europe, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia (including Tasmania)]
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Discussion | Lupinus brevicaulis resembles L. flavoculatus except that its flowers are smaller. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Lupinus arboreus is known from the central California coast southward to northern Baja California; it was introduced as a sand binder and has become naturalized in northern California, Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia. Lupinus arboreus grades into L. rivularis in the North Coast of California. Plants with yellow petals and sweet-smelling flowers are widely cultivated as a sand binder. Hairier plants from the western San Francisco Bay area with yellow banners and blue wings have been called var. eximius; plants with glabrous leaflets and purple petals have been called L. propinquus. Lupinus arboreus hybridizes with L. littoralis and probably other species. Seeds of L. arboreus species are toxic. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. arboreus var. eximius, L. propinquus | |
Name authority | S. Watson: Botany (Fortieth Parallel), 53, plate 7, figs. 1–4. (1871) | Sims: Bot. Mag. 18: plate 682. (1803) |
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