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bicolor lupine, field lupine, Lindley's annual lupine, Lindley's lupine, lupine, miniature lupine, Montana lupine, small-flower lupine, two-color lupine, two-colour lupine

Kincaid's lupine, sulfur lupine, sulphur lupine

Habit Herbs, annual, 0.5–4 dm, pubescent. Herbs, perennial, (3–)4–8(–10) dm, hairs stiff to silky-appressed, whitish, grayish, or brownish.
Stems

ascending or erect, branched or unbranched.

erect, densely tufted, unbranched distally.

Leaves

cauline;

petiole 1–7 cm;

leaflets 5–8, blades 10–40 × 1–5 mm, adaxial surface glabrous or sparsely pubescent.

basal and cauline, persisting until after flowering;

stipules 4–8 mm;

proximal petioles 4–20 cm, distal ones 1.5–5 cm;

leaflets 6–15, blades white to greenish, (20–)25–70 × 4–10 mm, abaxial surface hairy-strigulose or sericeous, adaxial surface strigulose-silky to sparsely hairy or glabrous.

Racemes

4–20 cm;

flowers usually in fewer than 5 whorls, sometimes spirally arranged.

6–20 cm;

flowers whorled or spirally arranged.

Peduncles

3–10 cm;

bracts deciduous, 4–6 mm.

2.5–6 cm;

bracts tardily deciduous, 5–9 mm.

Pedicels

1–3.5 mm.

(2–)4–10 mm.

Flowers

4–10 mm;

calyx abaxial lobe entire, 4–6 mm, adaxial lobe deeply cleft, 2–4 mm;

corolla usually blue, rarely light blue, pink, or white, banner spot white, becoming magenta, upper keel margins usually ciliate near apex, rarely glabrous, sometimes blunt, banner longer than wide.

8–12 mm;

calyx asymmetrical but not spurred, silky, abaxial lobe entire, 4–7 mm, adaxial lobe 2-fid, 3–5 mm;

corolla pale sulfur yellow, blue, or white, banner glabrous or sparsely hairy abaxially (pubescence extending above calyx as a line), upper keel margins usually ciliate most of length, sometimes glabrous.

Legumes

1–3 × 0.3–0.6 cm, pubescent.

2–3 cm, pilose to silky.

Cotyledons

deciduous, petiolate.

deciduous, petiolate.

Seeds

5–8.

4 or 5, pinkish brown.

2n

= 48.

Lupinus bicolor

Lupinus sulphureus

Phenology Flowering late winter–spring (Mar–Jun).
Habitat Open or disturbed areas.
Elevation 0–1600 m. (0–5200 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
w North America
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Lupinus bicolor is naturalized in Arizona. The named subspecies and varieties do not conform to consistently recognizable geographical or morphological entities (D. B. Dunn 1955). Vigorous plants with larger flowers may be confused with L. nanus. In California, plants on the Outer North Coast Ranges may persist for two growing seasons. Lupinus bicolor (as L. polycarpus) has been reported from Alabama (A. R. Diamond 2016) and Michigan (E. G. Voss and A. A. Reznicek 2012).

Lupinus micranthus Douglas (1829, not Gussone 1828) is an illegitimate name that pertains here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Racemes (5–)12–20 cm; flowers usually sulfur yellow (ranging from white to occasionally blue); leaflet blade adaxial surface strigose-silky to sparsely hairy or glabrous, abaxial surface hairy strigulose.
var. sulphureus
1. Racemes 7–10(–11) cm; flowers blue to white; leaflet blade surfaces ± equally strigulose or sericeous.
var. bingenensis
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus
Sibling taxa
L. adsurgens, L. affinis, L. albicaulis, L. albifrons, L. andersonii, L. angustiflorus, L. antoninus, L. apertus, L. arboreus, L. arbustus, L. arcticus, L. argenteus, L. arizonicus, L. benthamii, L. brevicaulis, L. breweri, L. cervinus, L. chamissonis, L. citrinus, L. concinnus, L. constancei, L. covillei, L. croceus, L. dalesiae, L. diffusus, L. duranii, L. elatus, L. elmeri, L. excubitus, L. flavoculatus, L. formosus, L. fulcratus, L. gracilentus, L. grayi, L. guadalupensis, L. havardii, L. hirsutissimus, L. huachucanus, L. hyacinthinus, L. kingii, L. kuschei, L. lapidicola, L. latifolius, L. lepidus, L. leucophyllus, L. littoralis, L. longifolius, L. ludovicianus, L. luteolus, L. magnificus, L. malacophyllus, L. microcarpus, L. nanus, L. neomexicanus, L. nevadensis, L. nipomensis, L. nootkatensis, L. obtusilobus, L. odoratus, L. onustus, L. oreganus, L. pachylobus, L. padrecrowleyi, L. peirsonii, L. perennis, L. polyphyllus, L. pratensis, L. pusillus, L. rivularis, L. sabineanus, L. sericatus, L. sericeus, L. shockleyi, L. sierrae-blancae, L. sparsiflorus, L. spectabilis, L. stiversii, L. subcarnosus, L. succulentus, L. sulphureus, L. texensis, L. tidestromii, L. tracyi, L. truncatus, L. uncialis, L. villosus, L. westianus
L. adsurgens, L. affinis, L. albicaulis, L. albifrons, L. andersonii, L. angustiflorus, L. antoninus, L. apertus, L. arboreus, L. arbustus, L. arcticus, L. argenteus, L. arizonicus, L. benthamii, L. bicolor, L. brevicaulis, L. breweri, L. cervinus, L. chamissonis, L. citrinus, L. concinnus, L. constancei, L. covillei, L. croceus, L. dalesiae, L. diffusus, L. duranii, L. elatus, L. elmeri, L. excubitus, L. flavoculatus, L. formosus, L. fulcratus, L. gracilentus, L. grayi, L. guadalupensis, L. havardii, L. hirsutissimus, L. huachucanus, L. hyacinthinus, L. kingii, L. kuschei, L. lapidicola, L. latifolius, L. lepidus, L. leucophyllus, L. littoralis, L. longifolius, L. ludovicianus, L. luteolus, L. magnificus, L. malacophyllus, L. microcarpus, L. nanus, L. neomexicanus, L. nevadensis, L. nipomensis, L. nootkatensis, L. obtusilobus, L. odoratus, L. onustus, L. oreganus, L. pachylobus, L. padrecrowleyi, L. peirsonii, L. perennis, L. polyphyllus, L. pratensis, L. pusillus, L. rivularis, L. sabineanus, L. sericatus, L. sericeus, L. shockleyi, L. sierrae-blancae, L. sparsiflorus, L. spectabilis, L. stiversii, L. subcarnosus, L. succulentus, L. texensis, L. tidestromii, L. tracyi, L. truncatus, L. uncialis, L. villosus, L. westianus
Subordinate taxa
L. sulphureus var. bingenensis, L. sulphureus var. sulphureus
Synonyms L. bicolor subsp. marginatus, L. bicolor var. micranthus, L. bicolor subsp. microphyllus, L. bicolor var. microphyllus, L. bicolor subsp. pipersmithii, L. bicolor var. pipersmithii, L. bicolor var. rostratus, L. bicolor subsp. tridentatus, L. bicolor var. tridentatus, L. bicolor var. trifidus, L. bicolor subsp. umbellatus, L. bicolor var. umbellatus, L. congdonii, L. polycarpus
Name authority Lindley: Bot. Reg. 13: plate 1109. (1827) Douglas in W. J. Hooker: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 166. (1832)
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