Lupinus bicolor |
Lupinus polyphyllus |
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bicolor lupine, field lupine, Lindley's annual lupine, Lindley's lupine, lupine, miniature lupine, Montana lupine, small-flower lupine, two-color lupine, two-colour lupine |
big-leaf lupine, blue lupine, bog lupine, large-leaf lupine |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, 0.5–4 dm, pubescent. | Herbs, perennial, 1–15 dm, green, glabrous or hairy; caudex subterranean and divisions rhizomelike, or superficial and divisions closely tufted. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | ascending or erect, branched or unbranched. |
erect, tufted, unbranched, stout, usually hollow. |
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Leaves | cauline; petiole 1–7 cm; leaflets 5–8, blades 10–40 × 1–5 mm, adaxial surface glabrous or sparsely pubescent. |
basal and cauline; stipules not leaflike, green to silvery, 5–40 mm; petiole 3–45 cm, basal long-petiolate and forming a basal tuft, cauline petioles shorter distally; leaflets (5 or)6–12(–17), blades (10–)30–150 × 5–25 mm, adaxial surface hairy or glabrous. |
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Racemes | 4–20 cm; flowers usually in fewer than 5 whorls, sometimes spirally arranged. |
open, 6–40 cm; flowers ± whorled. |
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Peduncles | 3–10 cm; bracts deciduous, 4–6 mm. |
3–13 cm; bracts deciduous, 7–11 mm. |
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Pedicels | 1–3.5 mm. |
(2–)3–15 mm. |
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Flowers | 4–10 mm; calyx abaxial lobe entire, 4–6 mm, adaxial lobe deeply cleft, 2–4 mm; corolla usually blue, rarely light blue, pink, or white, banner spot white, becoming magenta, upper keel margins usually ciliate near apex, rarely glabrous, sometimes blunt, banner longer than wide. |
9–15 mm; calyx 4–8 mm, bulge or spur 0–1 mm, lobes entire; corolla violet to lavender, pink, or white, banner patch yellow to white, sometimes turning red-purple, banner glabrous abaxially, keel upcurved, glabrous, ciliate, or ciliolate. |
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Legumes | 1–3 × 0.3–0.6 cm, pubescent. |
2.5–5 × 0.7–1 cm, hairy. |
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Cotyledons | deciduous, petiolate. |
deciduous, petiolate. |
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Seeds | 5–8. |
3–9. |
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2n | = 48. |
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Lupinus bicolor |
Lupinus polyphyllus |
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Phenology | Flowering late winter–spring (Mar–Jun). | |||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Open or disturbed areas. | |||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–1600 m. (0–5200 ft.) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AZ; CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora)
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w North America [Introduced in South America (Argentina, Chile), Eurasia, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
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Discussion | Lupinus bicolor is naturalized in Arizona. The named subspecies and varieties do not conform to consistently recognizable geographical or morphological entities (D. B. Dunn 1955). Vigorous plants with larger flowers may be confused with L. nanus. In California, plants on the Outer North Coast Ranges may persist for two growing seasons. Lupinus bicolor (as L. polycarpus) has been reported from Alabama (A. R. Diamond 2016) and Michigan (E. G. Voss and A. A. Reznicek 2012). Lupinus micranthus Douglas (1829, not Gussone 1828) is an illegitimate name that pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 6 (6 in the flora). Lupinus polyphyllus was hybridized with L. arboreus and other species to create the Russell Lupine garden hybrid, which is invasive and occurs in New Zealand and the United Kingdom. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus | ||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | L. bicolor subsp. marginatus, L. bicolor var. micranthus, L. bicolor subsp. microphyllus, L. bicolor var. microphyllus, L. bicolor subsp. pipersmithii, L. bicolor var. pipersmithii, L. bicolor var. rostratus, L. bicolor subsp. tridentatus, L. bicolor var. tridentatus, L. bicolor var. trifidus, L. bicolor subsp. umbellatus, L. bicolor var. umbellatus, L. congdonii, L. polycarpus | |||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Lindley: Bot. Reg. 13: plate 1109. (1827) | Lindley: Bot. Reg. 13: plate 1096. (1827) | ||||||||||||||||||||
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