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bicolor lupine, field lupine, Lindley's annual lupine, Lindley's lupine, lupine, miniature lupine, Montana lupine, small-flower lupine, two-color lupine, two-colour lupine

seashore lupine

Habit Herbs, annual, 0.5–4 dm, pubescent. Herbs or subshrubs, perennial, to 2–5 dm, greenish to silver, spreading-villous, especially at nodes, or densely appressed- or spreading-silver-hairy.
Stems

ascending or erect, branched or unbranched.

prostrate to decumbent, branched, not weak, from woody base.

Leaves

cauline;

petiole 1–7 cm;

leaflets 5–8, blades 10–40 × 1–5 mm, adaxial surface glabrous or sparsely pubescent.

cauline, often appearing clustered near base first year;

stipules 7–16 mm;

petiole 2–10 cm;

leaflets 5–9, blades 15–35 × 3–9 mm, adaxial surface pubescent.

Racemes

4–20 cm;

flowers usually in fewer than 5 whorls, sometimes spirally arranged.

± open, 6–16 cm;

flowers whorled or not.

Peduncles

3–10 cm;

bracts deciduous, 4–6 mm.

4–12 cm;

bracts deciduous, 4–7 mm.

Pedicels

1–3.5 mm.

4–12 mm.

Flowers

4–10 mm;

calyx abaxial lobe entire, 4–6 mm, adaxial lobe deeply cleft, 2–4 mm;

corolla usually blue, rarely light blue, pink, or white, banner spot white, becoming magenta, upper keel margins usually ciliate near apex, rarely glabrous, sometimes blunt, banner longer than wide.

10–16 mm;

calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe 3-toothed or entire, 8–9 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 7–8 mm;

corolla blue to lilac, white, yellow, rose, or purple (sometimes on same plant), banner patch whitish or yellow, or absent, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate.

Legumes

1–3 × 0.3–0.6 cm, pubescent.

3–4 cm, hairy.

Cotyledons

deciduous, petiolate.

deciduous, petiolate.

Seeds

5–8.

7–12.

2n

= 48.

Lupinus bicolor

Lupinus littoralis

Phenology Flowering late winter–spring (Mar–Jun).
Habitat Open or disturbed areas.
Elevation 0–1600 m. (0–5200 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
w North America
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Lupinus bicolor is naturalized in Arizona. The named subspecies and varieties do not conform to consistently recognizable geographical or morphological entities (D. B. Dunn 1955). Vigorous plants with larger flowers may be confused with L. nanus. In California, plants on the Outer North Coast Ranges may persist for two growing seasons. Lupinus bicolor (as L. polycarpus) has been reported from Alabama (A. R. Diamond 2016) and Michigan (E. G. Voss and A. A. Reznicek 2012).

Lupinus micranthus Douglas (1829, not Gussone 1828) is an illegitimate name that pertains here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

Lupinus littoralis is a prostrate perennial that grows on the ocean bluffs and dunes of western North America. It hybridizes with L. arboreus (K. S. Wear 1998) and probably L. rivularis. It can be distinguished from L. tidestromii by the latter having three leaflets on some leaves and weak stems.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Flowers 10–13 mm; corollas blue to lilac, except banner patch whitish; roots bright yellow; petioles less than 2 times as long as leaflet blades, 3–5 cm; British Columbia to Mendocino County, California.
var. littoralis
1. Flowers 11–16 mm; corollas white, yellow, rose, or purple (often on same plant); roots not yellow; petioles 2 times as long as leaflet blades, 4–10 cm; Sonoma to San Luis Obispo counties, California.
var. variicolor
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus
Sibling taxa
L. adsurgens, L. affinis, L. albicaulis, L. albifrons, L. andersonii, L. angustiflorus, L. antoninus, L. apertus, L. arboreus, L. arbustus, L. arcticus, L. argenteus, L. arizonicus, L. benthamii, L. brevicaulis, L. breweri, L. cervinus, L. chamissonis, L. citrinus, L. concinnus, L. constancei, L. covillei, L. croceus, L. dalesiae, L. diffusus, L. duranii, L. elatus, L. elmeri, L. excubitus, L. flavoculatus, L. formosus, L. fulcratus, L. gracilentus, L. grayi, L. guadalupensis, L. havardii, L. hirsutissimus, L. huachucanus, L. hyacinthinus, L. kingii, L. kuschei, L. lapidicola, L. latifolius, L. lepidus, L. leucophyllus, L. littoralis, L. longifolius, L. ludovicianus, L. luteolus, L. magnificus, L. malacophyllus, L. microcarpus, L. nanus, L. neomexicanus, L. nevadensis, L. nipomensis, L. nootkatensis, L. obtusilobus, L. odoratus, L. onustus, L. oreganus, L. pachylobus, L. padrecrowleyi, L. peirsonii, L. perennis, L. polyphyllus, L. pratensis, L. pusillus, L. rivularis, L. sabineanus, L. sericatus, L. sericeus, L. shockleyi, L. sierrae-blancae, L. sparsiflorus, L. spectabilis, L. stiversii, L. subcarnosus, L. succulentus, L. sulphureus, L. texensis, L. tidestromii, L. tracyi, L. truncatus, L. uncialis, L. villosus, L. westianus
L. adsurgens, L. affinis, L. albicaulis, L. albifrons, L. andersonii, L. angustiflorus, L. antoninus, L. apertus, L. arboreus, L. arbustus, L. arcticus, L. argenteus, L. arizonicus, L. benthamii, L. bicolor, L. brevicaulis, L. breweri, L. cervinus, L. chamissonis, L. citrinus, L. concinnus, L. constancei, L. covillei, L. croceus, L. dalesiae, L. diffusus, L. duranii, L. elatus, L. elmeri, L. excubitus, L. flavoculatus, L. formosus, L. fulcratus, L. gracilentus, L. grayi, L. guadalupensis, L. havardii, L. hirsutissimus, L. huachucanus, L. hyacinthinus, L. kingii, L. kuschei, L. lapidicola, L. latifolius, L. lepidus, L. leucophyllus, L. longifolius, L. ludovicianus, L. luteolus, L. magnificus, L. malacophyllus, L. microcarpus, L. nanus, L. neomexicanus, L. nevadensis, L. nipomensis, L. nootkatensis, L. obtusilobus, L. odoratus, L. onustus, L. oreganus, L. pachylobus, L. padrecrowleyi, L. peirsonii, L. perennis, L. polyphyllus, L. pratensis, L. pusillus, L. rivularis, L. sabineanus, L. sericatus, L. sericeus, L. shockleyi, L. sierrae-blancae, L. sparsiflorus, L. spectabilis, L. stiversii, L. subcarnosus, L. succulentus, L. sulphureus, L. texensis, L. tidestromii, L. tracyi, L. truncatus, L. uncialis, L. villosus, L. westianus
Subordinate taxa
L. littoralis var. littoralis, L. littoralis var. variicolor
Synonyms L. bicolor subsp. marginatus, L. bicolor var. micranthus, L. bicolor subsp. microphyllus, L. bicolor var. microphyllus, L. bicolor subsp. pipersmithii, L. bicolor var. pipersmithii, L. bicolor var. rostratus, L. bicolor subsp. tridentatus, L. bicolor var. tridentatus, L. bicolor var. trifidus, L. bicolor subsp. umbellatus, L. bicolor var. umbellatus, L. congdonii, L. polycarpus
Name authority Lindley: Bot. Reg. 13: plate 1109. (1827) Douglas: Bot. Reg. 14: plate 1198. (1828)
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