The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links
Lupinus arbustus

grassland lupine (ssp. neolaxiflorus), long-spur lupine, Montana lupine (ssp. pseudoparviflorus), spur lupine

Oak Ridge lupine, skyblue lupine

Habit Herbs, perennial, 2–7 dm, green or gray-silky. Herbs, usually perennial, sometimes annual or biennial, 2–8 dm, densely silky-pubescent, silvery becoming rusty or tawny.
Stems

erect, ascending, or decumbent, branched.

decumbent, spreading, many branched.

Leaves

cauline and basal;

stipules 4–9 mm;

petiole 2–16 cm;

leaflets 7–10(–13), blades 20–70 × 3–15 mm, adaxial surface strigose.

basal, clustered;

stipules 20–150 mm;

petiole 2.5–10 cm;

leaflet 1, blades 40–120 × 18–33 mm, adaxial surface densely sericeous or strigulose.

Racemes

open, 3–18 cm;

flowers whorled.

8–30 cm;

flowers whorled.

Peduncles

2–5 cm;

bracts deciduous, 3–6 mm.

3–4 cm;

bracts deciduous, 4–8 mm.

Pedicels

1–7 mm.

1–4 mm.

Flowers

8–14 mm;

calyx spur distinct, 1–3 mm, abaxial lobe 3-toothed, 2.5–5 mm, 1–3 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 2–4 mm;

corolla blue, purple, pink, white, or yellowish, banner patch white, yellowish, or absent, banner hairy abaxially, wings with dense hair patch outside near tip, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate.

11–15 mm;

calyx abaxial lobe entire, 5–10 mm, adaxial lobe 3-fid with 2 linear laterals, 4–8 mm;

corolla light to deep blue, limb centrally white at base, banner spot white to cream, glabrous abaxially, keel glabrous.

Legumes

2–3 cm, silky.

3–5 cm, appressed villous to sericeous.

Cotyledons

deciduous, petiolate.

deciduous, petiolate.

Seeds

3–6, tan, 5–6 mm.

4–7, gray mottled black, 4 mm.

Lupinus arbustus

Lupinus diffusus

Phenology Flowering May–Jul. Flowering Mar–May (year-round).
Habitat Open sagebrush scrub or mixed-conifer forests. Sandhills, sand pine scrub, open woodlands.
Elevation 1500–3000 m. [4900–9800 ft.] 0–50 m. [0–160 ft.]
Distribution
from FNA
CA; ID; MT; OR; UT; WA; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; MS; NC; SC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Lupinus arbustus is known from the Cascade and Klamath ranges, San Gabriel Mountains, Sierra Nevada, and the Great Basin area in California; Owyhee Desert in Idaho and Oregon; eastern Washington and western Montana; and western Juab and Tooele counties, Utah.

Lupinus arbustus is separated from the argenteus group by the presence of hairs on the corolla wings. Recognition of subspecies and varieties of this already complex species leads to precarious separation among taxa.

Lupinus variegatus A. Heller (1912, not Poiret 1814) is an illegitimate name that pertains here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Lupinus diffusus differs from the other unifoliolate species in its much shorter pubescence and banners with a white eyespot. Lupinus cumulicola represents peninsular Florida forms that have strongly ascending foliose stems and sometimes broader leaves than usual. Some plants of L. diffusus from southern Florida have a vesture of hairs that approach those of L. villosus in length.

Lupinus diffusus seeds are known to be toxic (D. J. Wagstaff 2008).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11. Treatment authors: Teresa Sholars, Rhonda Riggins.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus
Sibling taxa
L. adsurgens, L. affinis, L. albicaulis, L. albifrons, L. andersonii, L. angustiflorus, L. antoninus, L. apertus, L. arboreus, L. arcticus, L. argenteus, L. arizonicus, L. benthamii, L. bicolor, L. brevicaulis, L. breweri, L. cervinus, L. chamissonis, L. citrinus, L. concinnus, L. constancei, L. covillei, L. croceus, L. dalesiae, L. diffusus, L. duranii, L. elatus, L. elmeri, L. excubitus, L. flavoculatus, L. formosus, L. fulcratus, L. gracilentus, L. grayi, L. guadalupensis, L. havardii, L. hirsutissimus, L. huachucanus, L. hyacinthinus, L. kingii, L. kuschei, L. lapidicola, L. latifolius, L. lepidus, L. leucophyllus, L. littoralis, L. longifolius, L. ludovicianus, L. luteolus, L. magnificus, L. malacophyllus, L. microcarpus, L. nanus, L. neomexicanus, L. nevadensis, L. nipomensis, L. nootkatensis, L. obtusilobus, L. odoratus, L. onustus, L. oreganus, L. pachylobus, L. padrecrowleyi, L. peirsonii, L. perennis, L. polyphyllus, L. pratensis, L. pusillus, L. rivularis, L. sabineanus, L. sericatus, L. sericeus, L. shockleyi, L. sierrae-blancae, L. sparsiflorus, L. spectabilis, L. stiversii, L. subcarnosus, L. succulentus, L. sulphureus, L. texensis, L. tidestromii, L. tracyi, L. truncatus, L. uncialis, L. villosus, L. westianus
L. adsurgens, L. affinis, L. albicaulis, L. albifrons, L. andersonii, L. angustiflorus, L. antoninus, L. apertus, L. arboreus, L. arbustus, L. arcticus, L. argenteus, L. arizonicus, L. benthamii, L. bicolor, L. brevicaulis, L. breweri, L. cervinus, L. chamissonis, L. citrinus, L. concinnus, L. constancei, L. covillei, L. croceus, L. dalesiae, L. duranii, L. elatus, L. elmeri, L. excubitus, L. flavoculatus, L. formosus, L. fulcratus, L. gracilentus, L. grayi, L. guadalupensis, L. havardii, L. hirsutissimus, L. huachucanus, L. hyacinthinus, L. kingii, L. kuschei, L. lapidicola, L. latifolius, L. lepidus, L. leucophyllus, L. littoralis, L. longifolius, L. ludovicianus, L. luteolus, L. magnificus, L. malacophyllus, L. microcarpus, L. nanus, L. neomexicanus, L. nevadensis, L. nipomensis, L. nootkatensis, L. obtusilobus, L. odoratus, L. onustus, L. oreganus, L. pachylobus, L. padrecrowleyi, L. peirsonii, L. perennis, L. polyphyllus, L. pratensis, L. pusillus, L. rivularis, L. sabineanus, L. sericatus, L. sericeus, L. shockleyi, L. sierrae-blancae, L. sparsiflorus, L. spectabilis, L. stiversii, L. subcarnosus, L. succulentus, L. sulphureus, L. texensis, L. tidestromii, L. tracyi, L. truncatus, L. uncialis, L. villosus, L. westianus
Synonyms L. arbustus subsp. calcaratus, L. arbustus var. montanus, L. arbustus subsp. neolaxiflorus, L. arbustus subsp. pseudoparviflorus, L. arbustus subsp. silvicola, L. caesius, L. caudatus var. submanens, L. caudatus var. subtenellus, L. elegantulus, L. inyoensis var. demissus, L. laxiflorus var. calcaratus, L. laxiflorus var. cognatus, L. laxiflorus var. elmerianus, L. laxiflorus var. lyleianus, L. laxiflorus var. pseudoparviflorus, L. laxiflorus var. silvicola, L. laxiflorus var. villosulus, L. lyleianus, L. mucronulatus var. umatillensis, L. multitinctus, L. noldekeae, L. proteanus, L. pseudoparviflorus, L. silvicola, L. wenatchensis, L. yakimensis L. cumulicola
Name authority Douglas: Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 15: plate 1230. (1829) Nuttall: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 93. (1818)
Web links