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Lupinus arbustus

grassland lupine (ssp. neolaxiflorus), long-spur lupine, Montana lupine (ssp. pseudoparviflorus), spur lupine

silvery lupine

Habit Herbs, perennial, 2–7 dm, green or gray-silky. Herbs, perennial, 1–15 dm, green and glabrous or silvery-hairy; from superficial or shallowly buried root crown.
Stems

erect, ascending, or decumbent, branched.

erect or ascending, green or purplish, clustered, branched or unbranched.

Leaves

cauline and basal;

stipules 4–9 mm;

petiole 2–16 cm;

leaflets 7–10(–13), blades 20–70 × 3–15 mm, adaxial surface strigose.

basal and/or cauline;

stipules 2–12 mm;

petiole 1–15 cm;

leaflets (5 or)6–10, blades 10–60 × 4–10 mm, abaxial surface hairy, adaxial surface glabrous or hairy (but not strigose).

Racemes

open, 3–18 cm;

flowers whorled.

loose, 5–16(–25) cm;

flowers whorled or not.

Peduncles

2–5 cm;

bracts deciduous, 3–6 mm.

(1–)4–25(–30) cm;

bracts usually deciduous, 3–4 mm.

Pedicels

1–7 mm.

(1–)2–5(–7) mm.

Flowers

8–14 mm;

calyx spur distinct, 1–3 mm, abaxial lobe 3-toothed, 2.5–5 mm, 1–3 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 2–4 mm;

corolla blue, purple, pink, white, or yellowish, banner patch white, yellowish, or absent, banner hairy abaxially, wings with dense hair patch outside near tip, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate.

5–15 mm;

calyx 4–8 mm, bulge or spur 0–3 mm (may be variable on plant), abaxial lobe entire or 3-toothed, adaxial lobe entire or 2-toothed;

corolla usually blue, sometimes purple, violet, pink, lilac, or white, banner patch yellowish to whitish, blue, brown, or absent, banner not much reflexed-recurved beyond midpoint, this less than 3 mm proximal to apex, banner glabrous or pubescent abaxially, wings glabrous, lower keel margins glabrous, upper margins ciliate.

Legumes

2–3 cm, silky.

(1–)2–3 cm, hairy or silky.

Cotyledons

deciduous, petiolate.

deciduous, petiolate.

Seeds

3–6, tan, 5–6 mm.

(2 or)3–5(or 6), tan, brown, or red.

Lupinus arbustus

Lupinus argenteus

Phenology Flowering May–Jul.
Habitat Open sagebrush scrub or mixed-conifer forests.
Elevation 1500–3000 m. (4900–9800 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; ID; MT; OR; UT; WA; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
w North America
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Lupinus arbustus is known from the Cascade and Klamath ranges, San Gabriel Mountains, Sierra Nevada, and the Great Basin area in California; Owyhee Desert in Idaho and Oregon; eastern Washington and western Montana; and western Juab and Tooele counties, Utah.

Lupinus arbustus is separated from the argenteus group by the presence of hairs on the corolla wings. Recognition of subspecies and varieties of this already complex species leads to precarious separation among taxa.

Lupinus variegatus A. Heller (1912, not Poiret 1814) is an illegitimate name that pertains here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 14 (14 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Calyx spur 1–3 mm.
→ 2
2. Flowers in profile appearing open, spur pronounced.
var. heteranthus
2. Flowers in profile appearing closed; spur less pronounced.
→ 3
3. Petioles of proximal cauline leaves 1.5–3 cm.
var. argophyllus
3. Petioles of proximal cauline leaves 3–12 cm.
var. utahensis
1. Calyx bulge 0–1 mm, but not elongated into a spur.
→ 4
4. Leaflets oblanceolate, flat, green, surfaces glabrous or adaxially pubescent; plants of cool, moist mountain meadows, stream banks, lakeshores.
→ 5
5. Corollas pale blue with brown banner patch; pedicels 1–2.5 mm.
var. fulvomaculatus
5. Corollas usually blue with yellow banner spot or none; pedicels usually 3–4 mm.
→ 6
6. Stems unbranched and racemes sol­itary, terminal.
var. rubricaulis
6. Stems branched, giving rise to several racemes.
→ 7
7. Corolla wings (7.5–)8–10 mm.
var. argentatus
7. Corolla wings 5–7.5 mm.
var. parviflorus
4. Leaflets oblanceolate or elliptic-oblanceolate, narrow and often folded, surfaces gray or silver-pubescent; plants of dry open areas, foothills to mountains.
→ 8
8. Stem hairs descending in backward direction or widely spreading.
var. palmeri
8. Stem hairs forwardly appressed.
→ 9
9. Flowers large, (7–)8–15 mm.
→ 10
10. Basal and cauline leaves present at flowering.
var. montigenus
10. Basal leaves absent at flowering.
→ 11
11. Flowers (7–)8–12 mm.
var. argenteus
11. Flowers 12–15 mm.
var. moabensis
9. Flowers small, 5–7(–9) mm.
→ 12
12. Banners densely pubescent.
→ 40g
40g. Lupinus argenteus var. holosericeus.
→ 12
12. Banner glabrous or thinly strigulose abaxially.
→ 13
13. Wings 5.5–7 mm; banner usually thinly strigulose abaxially; Kai­bab Plateau, Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah; elevation 2000–2800 m.
var. hillii
13. Wings 5–6 mm; banner glabrous abaxially; Sierra Nevada, California, adjacent Nevada; elevation 1500–3500 m.
var. meionanthus
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus
Sibling taxa
L. adsurgens, L. affinis, L. albicaulis, L. albifrons, L. andersonii, L. angustiflorus, L. antoninus, L. apertus, L. arboreus, L. arcticus, L. argenteus, L. arizonicus, L. benthamii, L. bicolor, L. brevicaulis, L. breweri, L. cervinus, L. chamissonis, L. citrinus, L. concinnus, L. constancei, L. covillei, L. croceus, L. dalesiae, L. diffusus, L. duranii, L. elatus, L. elmeri, L. excubitus, L. flavoculatus, L. formosus, L. fulcratus, L. gracilentus, L. grayi, L. guadalupensis, L. havardii, L. hirsutissimus, L. huachucanus, L. hyacinthinus, L. kingii, L. kuschei, L. lapidicola, L. latifolius, L. lepidus, L. leucophyllus, L. littoralis, L. longifolius, L. ludovicianus, L. luteolus, L. magnificus, L. malacophyllus, L. microcarpus, L. nanus, L. neomexicanus, L. nevadensis, L. nipomensis, L. nootkatensis, L. obtusilobus, L. odoratus, L. onustus, L. oreganus, L. pachylobus, L. padrecrowleyi, L. peirsonii, L. perennis, L. polyphyllus, L. pratensis, L. pusillus, L. rivularis, L. sabineanus, L. sericatus, L. sericeus, L. shockleyi, L. sierrae-blancae, L. sparsiflorus, L. spectabilis, L. stiversii, L. subcarnosus, L. succulentus, L. sulphureus, L. texensis, L. tidestromii, L. tracyi, L. truncatus, L. uncialis, L. villosus, L. westianus
L. adsurgens, L. affinis, L. albicaulis, L. albifrons, L. andersonii, L. angustiflorus, L. antoninus, L. apertus, L. arboreus, L. arbustus, L. arcticus, L. arizonicus, L. benthamii, L. bicolor, L. brevicaulis, L. breweri, L. cervinus, L. chamissonis, L. citrinus, L. concinnus, L. constancei, L. covillei, L. croceus, L. dalesiae, L. diffusus, L. duranii, L. elatus, L. elmeri, L. excubitus, L. flavoculatus, L. formosus, L. fulcratus, L. gracilentus, L. grayi, L. guadalupensis, L. havardii, L. hirsutissimus, L. huachucanus, L. hyacinthinus, L. kingii, L. kuschei, L. lapidicola, L. latifolius, L. lepidus, L. leucophyllus, L. littoralis, L. longifolius, L. ludovicianus, L. luteolus, L. magnificus, L. malacophyllus, L. microcarpus, L. nanus, L. neomexicanus, L. nevadensis, L. nipomensis, L. nootkatensis, L. obtusilobus, L. odoratus, L. onustus, L. oreganus, L. pachylobus, L. padrecrowleyi, L. peirsonii, L. perennis, L. polyphyllus, L. pratensis, L. pusillus, L. rivularis, L. sabineanus, L. sericatus, L. sericeus, L. shockleyi, L. sierrae-blancae, L. sparsiflorus, L. spectabilis, L. stiversii, L. subcarnosus, L. succulentus, L. sulphureus, L. texensis, L. tidestromii, L. tracyi, L. truncatus, L. uncialis, L. villosus, L. westianus
Subordinate taxa
L. argenteus var. argentatus, L. argenteus var. argenteus, L. argenteus var. argophyllus, L. argenteus var. fulvomaculatus, L. argenteus var. heteranthus, L. argenteus var. hillii, L. argenteus var. meionanthus, L. argenteus var. moabensis, L. argenteus var. montigenus, L. argenteus var. palmeri, L. argenteus var. parviflorus, L. argenteus var. rubricaulis, L. argenteus var. utahensis
Synonyms L. arbustus subsp. calcaratus, L. arbustus var. montanus, L. arbustus subsp. neolaxiflorus, L. arbustus subsp. pseudoparviflorus, L. arbustus subsp. silvicola, L. caesius, L. caudatus var. submanens, L. caudatus var. subtenellus, L. elegantulus, L. inyoensis var. demissus, L. laxiflorus var. calcaratus, L. laxiflorus var. cognatus, L. laxiflorus var. elmerianus, L. laxiflorus var. lyleianus, L. laxiflorus var. pseudoparviflorus, L. laxiflorus var. silvicola, L. laxiflorus var. villosulus, L. lyleianus, L. mucronulatus var. umatillensis, L. multitinctus, L. noldekeae, L. proteanus, L. pseudoparviflorus, L. silvicola, L. wenatchensis, L. yakimensis
Name authority Douglas: Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 15: plate 1230. (1829) Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 468. (1814)
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