Lupinus arbustus |
Lupinus albifrons |
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grassland lupine (ssp. neolaxiflorus), long-spur lupine, Montana lupine (ssp. pseudoparviflorus), spur lupine |
evergreen lupine, silver bush lupine, silver lupine, white-leaf bush lupine |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, 2–7 dm, green or gray-silky. | Subshrubs or shrubs, rarely perennial herbs, (1–)2–50 dm, usually silvery, sometimes greenish. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | erect, ascending, or decumbent, branched. |
decumbent to erect, clustered, branched or unbranched. |
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Leaves | cauline and basal; stipules 4–9 mm; petiole 2–16 cm; leaflets 7–10(–13), blades 20–70 × 3–15 mm, adaxial surface strigose. |
cauline, clustered near base or not; stipules 6–20 mm; petiole 1–8(–12) cm; leaflets 6–10, blades 10–45 × 4–18 mm, surfaces hairy. |
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Racemes | open, 3–18 cm; flowers whorled. |
4–40 cm, rachis usually deciduous or semideciduous; flowers usually spirally arranged or loosely whorled. |
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Peduncles | 2–5 cm; bracts deciduous, 3–6 mm. |
5–13 cm; bracts deciduous, 4–24 mm. |
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Pedicels | 1–7 mm. |
3–10 mm. |
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Flowers | 8–14 mm; calyx spur distinct, 1–3 mm, abaxial lobe 3-toothed, 2.5–5 mm, 1–3 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 2–4 mm; corolla blue, purple, pink, white, or yellowish, banner patch white, yellowish, or absent, banner hairy abaxially, wings with dense hair patch outside near tip, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate. |
10–18 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire or 3-toothed, 6–10 mm, adaxial lobe deeply divided, 6–8 mm; corolla violet to lavender, patch usually yellow, rarely white, turning purple, banner usually hairy abaxially, rarely glabrous, keel usually unlobed proximally, adaxial margin usually ciliate middle to tip, abaxial margins glabrous. |
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Legumes | 2–3 cm, silky. |
3–5 cm, hairy. |
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Cotyledons | deciduous, petiolate. |
deciduous, petiolate. |
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Seeds | 3–6, tan, 5–6 mm. |
4–9, mottled tan, 4–6 mm. |
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Lupinus arbustus |
Lupinus albifrons |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jul. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Open sagebrush scrub or mixed-conifer forests. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 1500–3000 m. [4900–9800 ft.] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
CA; ID; MT; OR; UT; WA; BC
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w United States; n Mexico
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Discussion | Lupinus arbustus is known from the Cascade and Klamath ranges, San Gabriel Mountains, Sierra Nevada, and the Great Basin area in California; Owyhee Desert in Idaho and Oregon; eastern Washington and western Montana; and western Juab and Tooele counties, Utah. Lupinus arbustus is separated from the argenteus group by the presence of hairs on the corolla wings. Recognition of subspecies and varieties of this already complex species leads to precarious separation among taxa. Lupinus variegatus A. Heller (1912, not Poiret 1814) is an illegitimate name that pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 8 (8 in the flora). Lupinus albifrons is the most common shrubby lupine in western North America. The combination of silver-pubescent leaves, banners that are pubescent abaxially, and keels that are usually ciliate will separate it from the coastal L. arboreus and the dune loving L. chamissonis. The desert L. excubitus is separated by petiole length, raceme rachis persistence and size, elevation, and distribution. Some of the varieties (austromontanus, collinus, and medius) are woody at base but can appear herbaceous. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | L. arbustus subsp. calcaratus, L. arbustus var. montanus, L. arbustus subsp. neolaxiflorus, L. arbustus subsp. pseudoparviflorus, L. arbustus subsp. silvicola, L. caesius, L. caudatus var. submanens, L. caudatus var. subtenellus, L. elegantulus, L. inyoensis var. demissus, L. laxiflorus var. calcaratus, L. laxiflorus var. cognatus, L. laxiflorus var. elmerianus, L. laxiflorus var. lyleianus, L. laxiflorus var. pseudoparviflorus, L. laxiflorus var. silvicola, L. laxiflorus var. villosulus, L. lyleianus, L. mucronulatus var. umatillensis, L. multitinctus, L. noldekeae, L. proteanus, L. pseudoparviflorus, L. silvicola, L. wenatchensis, L. yakimensis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Douglas: Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 15: plate 1230. (1829) | Bentham: Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 19: plate 1642. (1834) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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