Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus westianus |
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coastal bush lupine, tree lupine, yellow bush lupine |
Gulf Coast lupine |
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Habit | Shrubs, usually 5–20 dm, green-glabrous or silver-hairy. | Herbs, biennial or perennial, 3–5 dm, hairs short-appressed, velvety to shaggy. | ||||
Stems | ascending or erect, branched, woody. |
spreading-ascending, clustered, robust, branched or unbranched. |
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Leaves | cauline; stipules 8–12 mm; petiole 2–3(–6) cm; leaflets 5–12, blades 20–60 × 3–10 mm, adaxial surface glabrous. |
cauline; stipules abortive or early deciduous (occurring only on very new growth), 9–15 mm; petiole 2–3.5 cm; leaflet 1, blades 30–70 × 15–25 mm, surfaces short-appressed, velvety to satiny sericeous. |
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Racemes | 10–30 cm; flowers whorled or not. |
4–25 cm; flowers whorled. |
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Peduncles | 4–10 cm; bracts deciduous, 8–10 mm. |
2.5–6.5 cm; bracts deciduous, 4–7 mm. |
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Pedicels | 4–10 mm. |
4–6 mm. |
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Flowers | 14–18 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire, 5–7 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 5–9 mm; corolla usually yellow, rarely lilac to purple, banner patch darker or not or white, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate from claw to tip. |
11–14 mm; calyx abaxial lobe ovate, 2-lobed, 8–12 mm, adaxial lobe lanceolate, entire or obscurely 3-lobed, 5–10 mm; corolla pink or rose to blue, banner spot maroon to dark blue, banner glabrous abaxially, keel glabrous. |
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Legumes | 4–7 cm, hairy. |
1.5–2.5 cm, villous. |
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Cotyledons | deciduous, petiolate. |
deciduous, petiolate. |
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Seeds | 8–12, black to tan, often striped lighter, 4–5 mm. |
2–4. |
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2n | = 48. |
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Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus westianus |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | |||||
Habitat | Coastal bluffs, dunes, disturbed sand. | |||||
Elevation | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California) [Introduced in South America (Argentina, Chile), Europe, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia (including Tasmania)]
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Florida |
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Discussion | Lupinus arboreus is known from the central California coast southward to northern Baja California; it was introduced as a sand binder and has become naturalized in northern California, Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia. Lupinus arboreus grades into L. rivularis in the North Coast of California. Plants with yellow petals and sweet-smelling flowers are widely cultivated as a sand binder. Hairier plants from the western San Francisco Bay area with yellow banners and blue wings have been called var. eximius; plants with glabrous leaflets and purple petals have been called L. propinquus. Lupinus arboreus hybridizes with L. littoralis and probably other species. Seeds of L. arboreus species are toxic. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. | ||||
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | L. arboreus var. eximius, L. propinquus | |||||
Name authority | Sims: Bot. Mag. 18: plate 682. (1803) | Small: Torreya 26: 91. (1926) | ||||
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