Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus villosus |
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coastal bush lupine, tree lupine, yellow bush lupine |
lady lupine |
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Habit | Shrubs, usually 5–20 dm, green-glabrous or silver-hairy. | Herbs, usually annual, sometimes biennial, robust, 2–6 dm, spreading, hairs long, shaggy, silver or tawny. |
Stems | ascending or erect, branched, woody. |
sprawling or ascending, clustered, branched. |
Leaves | cauline; stipules 8–12 mm; petiole 2–3(–6) cm; leaflets 5–12, blades 20–60 × 3–10 mm, adaxial surface glabrous. |
basal; stipules conspicuous, 20–30 mm; petiole 3.5–9.5 cm; leaflet 1, blades 150–270 × 12–33 mm, surfaces sericeous or abaxially thinly pubescent. |
Racemes | 10–30 cm; flowers whorled or not. |
11–25 cm; flowers whorled or spirally arranged. |
Peduncles | 4–10 cm; bracts deciduous, 8–10 mm. |
7–9 cm; bracts deciduous, 6–15 mm. |
Pedicels | 4–10 mm. |
2–4 mm. |
Flowers | 14–18 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire, 5–7 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 5–9 mm; corolla usually yellow, rarely lilac to purple, banner patch darker or not or white, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate from claw to tip. |
10–14 mm; calyx abaxial lobe entire, 10–11 mm, adaxial lobe entire, 7–9 mm; corolla lilac to reddish purple or pink, banner spot maroon, glabrous. |
Legumes | 4–7 cm, hairy. |
(1.5–)2.5–4 cm, shaggy-villous. |
Cotyledons | deciduous, petiolate. |
deciduous, petiolate. |
Seeds | 8–12, black to tan, often striped lighter, 4–5 mm. |
2–4. |
2n | = 48. |
= 52. |
Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus villosus |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | Flowering Mar–Apr. |
Habitat | Coastal bluffs, dunes, disturbed sand. | Sandhills, open woods. |
Elevation | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) | 0–50 m. (0–200 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California) [Introduced in South America (Argentina, Chile), Europe, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia (including Tasmania)]
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AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC
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Discussion | Lupinus arboreus is known from the central California coast southward to northern Baja California; it was introduced as a sand binder and has become naturalized in northern California, Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia. Lupinus arboreus grades into L. rivularis in the North Coast of California. Plants with yellow petals and sweet-smelling flowers are widely cultivated as a sand binder. Hairier plants from the western San Francisco Bay area with yellow banners and blue wings have been called var. eximius; plants with glabrous leaflets and purple petals have been called L. propinquus. Lupinus arboreus hybridizes with L. littoralis and probably other species. Seeds of L. arboreus species are toxic. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
In Florida, Lupinus villosus reaches as far south as Polk County. Lupinus villosus is of conservation concern in North Carolina. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. arboreus var. eximius, L. propinquus | |
Name authority | Sims: Bot. Mag. 18: plate 682. (1803) | Willdenow: Sp. Pl. 3: 1029. (1802) |
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