Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus tidestromii |
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coastal bush lupine, tree lupine, yellow bush lupine |
clover lupine, Tidestrom's lupine |
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Habit | Shrubs, usually 5–20 dm, green-glabrous or silver-hairy. | Herbs, perennial, 1–3 dm, white-shaggy-hairy; sometimes weakly rhizomatous. |
Stems | ascending or erect, branched, woody. |
± prostrate, branched, weak. |
Leaves | cauline; stipules 8–12 mm; petiole 2–3(–6) cm; leaflets 5–12, blades 20–60 × 3–10 mm, adaxial surface glabrous. |
cauline; stipules 8–12 mm; petiole 1–3 cm; leaflets 3–5, blades 5–20 × 2–5 mm, adaxial surface sericeous. |
Racemes | 10–30 cm; flowers whorled or not. |
open, 2–10 cm; flowers whorled. |
Peduncles | 4–10 cm; bracts deciduous, 8–10 mm. |
4–8 cm; bracts deciduous, 4–5 mm. |
Pedicels | 4–10 mm. |
3–5 mm. |
Flowers | 14–18 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire, 5–7 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 5–9 mm; corolla usually yellow, rarely lilac to purple, banner patch darker or not or white, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate from claw to tip. |
11–13 mm; calyx 5–6 mm, bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire or notched, adaxial lobe deeply notched; corolla light blue to lavender, banner patch white to yellow turning violet, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate claw to tip. |
Legumes | 4–7 cm, hairy. |
2–3 cm, shaggy. |
Cotyledons | deciduous, petiolate. |
deciduous, petiolate. |
Seeds | 8–12, black to tan, often striped lighter, 4–5 mm. |
5–8, tan, mottled brown, 3–4 mm. |
2n | = 48. |
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Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus tidestromii |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Coastal bluffs, dunes, disturbed sand. | Dunes, beaches. |
Elevation | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California) [Introduced in South America (Argentina, Chile), Europe, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia (including Tasmania)]
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CA
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Discussion | Lupinus arboreus is known from the central California coast southward to northern Baja California; it was introduced as a sand binder and has become naturalized in northern California, Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia. Lupinus arboreus grades into L. rivularis in the North Coast of California. Plants with yellow petals and sweet-smelling flowers are widely cultivated as a sand binder. Hairier plants from the western San Francisco Bay area with yellow banners and blue wings have been called var. eximius; plants with glabrous leaflets and purple petals have been called L. propinquus. Lupinus arboreus hybridizes with L. littoralis and probably other species. Seeds of L. arboreus species are toxic. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Lupinus tidestromii is known from coastal areas of Marin, Monterey, and Sonoma counties. Shaggier plants from the northern North Coast geographic region of California have been called var. layneae, commonly known as the Point Reyes lupine. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. arboreus var. eximius, L. propinquus | L. layneae, L. littoralis var. layneae, L. tidestromii var. layneae |
Name authority | Sims: Bot. Mag. 18: plate 682. (1803) | Greene: Erythea 3: 17. (1895) |
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