Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus subcarnosus |
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coastal bush lupine, tree lupine, yellow bush lupine |
Texas bluebonnet |
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Habit | Shrubs, usually 5–20 dm, green-glabrous or silver-hairy. | Herbs, annual, 1.5–4 dm, pubescent, hairs appressed or ascending. |
Stems | ascending or erect, branched, woody. |
ascending or erect, branched. |
Leaves | cauline; stipules 8–12 mm; petiole 2–3(–6) cm; leaflets 5–12, blades 20–60 × 3–10 mm, adaxial surface glabrous. |
cauline, often crowded near base; petiole 1–6 cm; leaflets 5 or 6, blades 10–25 × 4–15 mm, adaxial surface glabrate. |
Racemes | 10–30 cm; flowers whorled or not. |
6–12 cm; flowers crowded or spaced, spirally arranged, crowded on young growth. |
Peduncles | 4–10 cm; bracts deciduous, 8–10 mm. |
3–8 cm; bracts deciduous, 2.5–3 mm. |
Pedicels | 4–10 mm. |
3–7 mm. |
Flowers | 14–18 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire, 5–7 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 5–9 mm; corolla usually yellow, rarely lilac to purple, banner patch darker or not or white, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate from claw to tip. |
9–12 mm; calyx 5–6 mm, abaxial lobe 3-lobed, 3–4 mm, adaxial lobe cleft, 2–2.5 mm, hairs becoming yellowish gray or brown on dried material; corolla pale blue-violet, banner spot white, keel glabrous, wings inflated. |
Legumes | 4–7 cm, hairy. |
2.5–3.5 cm, yellowish gray- or brown-villous. |
Cotyledons | deciduous, petiolate. |
usually persistent, petiolate. |
Seeds | 8–12, black to tan, often striped lighter, 4–5 mm. |
4 or 5. |
2n | = 48. |
= 36. |
Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus subcarnosus |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | Flowering spring. |
Habitat | Coastal bluffs, dunes, disturbed sand. | Sandy soils, roadsides, open woodlands, coastal plains. |
Elevation | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) | 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California) [Introduced in South America (Argentina, Chile), Europe, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia (including Tasmania)]
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TX; Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo Léon) |
Discussion | Lupinus arboreus is known from the central California coast southward to northern Baja California; it was introduced as a sand binder and has become naturalized in northern California, Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia. Lupinus arboreus grades into L. rivularis in the North Coast of California. Plants with yellow petals and sweet-smelling flowers are widely cultivated as a sand binder. Hairier plants from the western San Francisco Bay area with yellow banners and blue wings have been called var. eximius; plants with glabrous leaflets and purple petals have been called L. propinquus. Lupinus arboreus hybridizes with L. littoralis and probably other species. Seeds of L. arboreus species are toxic. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Lupinus subcarnosus is abundant and conspicuous in the coastal plain of southeastern Texas and extends into northern Mexico. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. arboreus var. eximius, L. propinquus | |
Name authority | Sims: Bot. Mag. 18: plate 682. (1803) | Hooker: Bot. Mag. 63: plate 3467. (1836) |
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