Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus onustus |
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coastal bush lupine, tree lupine, yellow bush lupine |
northern lupine, Plumas lupine |
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Habit | Shrubs, usually 5–20 dm, green-glabrous or silver-hairy. | Herbs, perennial, 2–3 dm, green, silky; rhizomatous, from slender underground rootstock. |
Stems | ascending or erect, branched, woody. |
short-decumbent, clustered, unbranched. |
Leaves | cauline; stipules 8–12 mm; petiole 2–3(–6) cm; leaflets 5–12, blades 20–60 × 3–10 mm, adaxial surface glabrous. |
cauline, clustered near base; stipules 8–10 mm; petiole (5–)8–13 cm; leaflets 5–9, blades oblanceolate, 15–50 × 4–10 mm, abaxial surface silky-hairy, adaxial surface glabrous. |
Racemes | 10–30 cm; flowers whorled or not. |
5–15 cm; flowers not whorled. |
Peduncles | 4–10 cm; bracts deciduous, 8–10 mm. |
4–8 cm; bracts deciduous, 3–4 mm. |
Pedicels | 4–10 mm. |
3–5 mm. |
Flowers | 14–18 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire, 5–7 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 5–9 mm; corolla usually yellow, rarely lilac to purple, banner patch darker or not or white, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate from claw to tip. |
8–11 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire, 3.5–6 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 2–5 mm; corolla violet, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate. |
Legumes | 4–7 cm, hairy. |
3–4.5 cm, hairy. |
Cotyledons | deciduous, petiolate. |
deciduous, petiolate. |
Seeds | 8–12, black to tan, often striped lighter, 4–5 mm. |
5 or 6, brown, 6–7 mm. |
2n | = 48. |
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Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus onustus |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | Flowering Apr–Sep. |
Habitat | Coastal bluffs, dunes, disturbed sand. | Dry banks, yellow pine forests, serpentine soils. |
Elevation | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) | 500–2000 m. (1600–6600 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California) [Introduced in South America (Argentina, Chile), Europe, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia (including Tasmania)]
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CA; OR
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Discussion | Lupinus arboreus is known from the central California coast southward to northern Baja California; it was introduced as a sand binder and has become naturalized in northern California, Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia. Lupinus arboreus grades into L. rivularis in the North Coast of California. Plants with yellow petals and sweet-smelling flowers are widely cultivated as a sand binder. Hairier plants from the western San Francisco Bay area with yellow banners and blue wings have been called var. eximius; plants with glabrous leaflets and purple petals have been called L. propinquus. Lupinus arboreus hybridizes with L. littoralis and probably other species. Seeds of L. arboreus species are toxic. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Lupinus onustus is known in California from the southern Cascade Range, Klamath Ranges, and northern Sierra Nevada, to the Siskiyou Mountains of southwestern Oregon. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. arboreus var. eximius, L. propinquus | L. alilatissimus, L. mucronulatus, L. oreganus var. pusillulus, L. pinetorum, L. sulphureus subsp. delnortensis, L. thompsonianus, L. violaceus |
Name authority | Sims: Bot. Mag. 18: plate 682. (1803) | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 11: 127. (1876) |
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