Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus nootkatensis |
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coastal bush lupine, tree lupine, yellow bush lupine |
Nootka lupine |
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Habit | Shrubs, usually 5–20 dm, green-glabrous or silver-hairy. | Herbs, perennial, (1–)4–10(–12) dm, hairs appressed to spreading, sparse to dense; caudex subterranean, woody. | ||||
Stems | ascending or erect, branched, woody. |
ascending to erect, clustered, unbranched or branched, sometimes thick, hollow. |
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Leaves | cauline; stipules 8–12 mm; petiole 2–3(–6) cm; leaflets 5–12, blades 20–60 × 3–10 mm, adaxial surface glabrous. |
cauline; stipules 1–8 cm; proximal petioles 3–8.5 cm, distal ones 2–7 cm; leaflets 5–8(–15), blades (10–)20–50(–70) × 5–15 mm, abaxial surface long-villous, adaxial surface usually glabrous or glabrate. |
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Racemes | 10–30 cm; flowers whorled or not. |
1.8–30 cm; flowers in 1–15 whorls. |
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Peduncles | 4–10 cm; bracts deciduous, 8–10 mm. |
(1–)4–9.5 cm; bracts deciduous, 1–5 mm. |
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Pedicels | 4–10 mm. |
1–8 cm. |
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Flowers | 14–18 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire, 5–7 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 5–9 mm; corolla usually yellow, rarely lilac to purple, banner patch darker or not or white, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate from claw to tip. |
11–21 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire or deeply lobed, 6–12 mm, adaxial lobe 2-lobed or cleft less than 1/3 length, 6–8 mm; corolla usually bluish purple, sometimes pink, rarely white, banner glabrous abaxially, adaxial keel glabrous or densely ciliate along most of adaxial edge. |
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Legumes | 4–7 cm, hairy. |
3–6 cm, silky. |
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Cotyledons | deciduous, petiolate. |
deciduous, petiolate. |
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Seeds | 8–12, black to tan, often striped lighter, 4–5 mm. |
7–11. |
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2n | = 48. |
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Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus nootkatensis |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | |||||
Habitat | Coastal bluffs, dunes, disturbed sand. | |||||
Elevation | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California) [Introduced in South America (Argentina, Chile), Europe, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia (including Tasmania)]
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n North America; Europe; Atlantic Islands (Iceland)
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Discussion | Lupinus arboreus is known from the central California coast southward to northern Baja California; it was introduced as a sand binder and has become naturalized in northern California, Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia. Lupinus arboreus grades into L. rivularis in the North Coast of California. Plants with yellow petals and sweet-smelling flowers are widely cultivated as a sand binder. Hairier plants from the western San Francisco Bay area with yellow banners and blue wings have been called var. eximius; plants with glabrous leaflets and purple petals have been called L. propinquus. Lupinus arboreus hybridizes with L. littoralis and probably other species. Seeds of L. arboreus species are toxic. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. | ||||
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | L. arboreus var. eximius, L. propinquus | L. perennis var. nootkatensis | ||||
Name authority | Sims: Bot. Mag. 18: plate 682. (1803) | Donn ex Sims: Bot. Mag. 32: plate 1311. (1810) | ||||
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