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coastal bush lupine, tree lupine, yellow bush lupine

chick lupine, wide-bannered lupine

Habit Shrubs, usually 5–20 dm, green-glabrous or silver-hairy. Herbs, annual, 1–8 dm, sparsely to densely pubescent.
Stems

ascending or erect, branched, woody.

ascending or erect, branched near base or middle, or unbranched, hollow, at least near base.

Leaves

cauline;

stipules 8–12 mm;

petiole 2–3(–6) cm;

leaflets 5–12, blades 20–60 × 3–10 mm, adaxial surface glabrous.

cauline;

petiole 3–15 cm;

leaflets 5–9(–11), blades 10–50 × 2–12 mm, adaxial surface glabrous.

Racemes

10–30 cm;

flowers whorled or not.

4–60 cm;

flowers in crowded to widely spaced whorls.

Peduncles

4–10 cm;

bracts deciduous, 8–10 mm.

2–30 cm;

bracts persistent, reflexed, 3.5–12 mm.

Pedicels

4–10 mm.

0.5–5 mm.

Flowers

14–18 mm;

calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire, 5–7 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 5–9 mm;

corolla usually yellow, rarely lilac to purple, banner patch darker or not or white, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate from claw to tip.

8–18 mm;

calyx appendages usually absent, sometimes present, abaxial lobe 5–11 mm, adaxial lobe 2–6 mm;

corolla white to dark yellow, pink to dark rose, or lavender to purple, lower wing margins sometimes ciliate, upper margins usually ciliate near claw, upper keel margins usually ciliate near claw, lower margins sometimes ciliate but not as densely.

Legumes

4–7 cm, hairy.

1–1.8 cm, pubescent.

Cotyledons

deciduous, petiolate.

persistent or deciduous (leaving circular scar), disclike, sessile.

Seeds

8–12, black to tan, often striped lighter, 4–5 mm.

2, tan to brown, usually mottled, ridged or smooth.

2n

= 48.

Lupinus arboreus

Lupinus microcarpus

Phenology Flowering Apr–Jul.
Habitat Coastal bluffs, dunes, disturbed sand.
Elevation 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California) [Introduced in South America (Argentina, Chile), Europe, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia (including Tasmania)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
w North America; nw Mexico; South America
[WildflowerSearch map]
Discussion

Lupinus arboreus is known from the central California coast southward to northern Baja California; it was introduced as a sand binder and has become naturalized in northern California, Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia.

Lupinus arboreus grades into L. rivularis in the North Coast of California. Plants with yellow petals and sweet-smelling flowers are widely cultivated as a sand binder. Hairier plants from the western San Francisco Bay area with yellow banners and blue wings have been called var. eximius; plants with glabrous leaflets and purple petals have been called L. propinquus. Lupinus arboreus hybridizes with L. littoralis and probably other species. Seeds of L. arboreus species are toxic.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 3 (3 in the flora).

Lupinus microcarpus is highly variable and with varieties intergrading.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Wings broadly elliptic, persistent and becoming translucent, upper and usually lower margins ciliate near claw; lower keel margins ciliate near claw; calyx appendages 1–2 mm.
var. horizontalis
1. Wings linear to oblanceolate, withering, not becoming translucent, upper margins usually ciliate near claw, lower rarely; lower keel margins sometimes ciliate near claw or sparsely so; calyx appendages usually absent.
→ 2
2. Calyx and flower bracts with long shaggy hairs; legumes usually erect or spreading.
var. microcarpus
2. Calyx and flower bracts with few short and appressed, or long and spreading hairs; legumes usually secund, sometimes spreading.
var. densiflorus
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus
Sibling taxa
L. adsurgens, L. affinis, L. albicaulis, L. albifrons, L. andersonii, L. angustiflorus, L. antoninus, L. apertus, L. arbustus, L. arcticus, L. argenteus, L. arizonicus, L. benthamii, L. bicolor, L. brevicaulis, L. breweri, L. cervinus, L. chamissonis, L. citrinus, L. concinnus, L. constancei, L. covillei, L. croceus, L. dalesiae, L. diffusus, L. duranii, L. elatus, L. elmeri, L. excubitus, L. flavoculatus, L. formosus, L. fulcratus, L. gracilentus, L. grayi, L. guadalupensis, L. havardii, L. hirsutissimus, L. huachucanus, L. hyacinthinus, L. kingii, L. kuschei, L. lapidicola, L. latifolius, L. lepidus, L. leucophyllus, L. littoralis, L. longifolius, L. ludovicianus, L. luteolus, L. magnificus, L. malacophyllus, L. microcarpus, L. nanus, L. neomexicanus, L. nevadensis, L. nipomensis, L. nootkatensis, L. obtusilobus, L. odoratus, L. onustus, L. oreganus, L. pachylobus, L. padrecrowleyi, L. peirsonii, L. perennis, L. polyphyllus, L. pratensis, L. pusillus, L. rivularis, L. sabineanus, L. sericatus, L. sericeus, L. shockleyi, L. sierrae-blancae, L. sparsiflorus, L. spectabilis, L. stiversii, L. subcarnosus, L. succulentus, L. sulphureus, L. texensis, L. tidestromii, L. tracyi, L. truncatus, L. uncialis, L. villosus, L. westianus
L. adsurgens, L. affinis, L. albicaulis, L. albifrons, L. andersonii, L. angustiflorus, L. antoninus, L. apertus, L. arboreus, L. arbustus, L. arcticus, L. argenteus, L. arizonicus, L. benthamii, L. bicolor, L. brevicaulis, L. breweri, L. cervinus, L. chamissonis, L. citrinus, L. concinnus, L. constancei, L. covillei, L. croceus, L. dalesiae, L. diffusus, L. duranii, L. elatus, L. elmeri, L. excubitus, L. flavoculatus, L. formosus, L. fulcratus, L. gracilentus, L. grayi, L. guadalupensis, L. havardii, L. hirsutissimus, L. huachucanus, L. hyacinthinus, L. kingii, L. kuschei, L. lapidicola, L. latifolius, L. lepidus, L. leucophyllus, L. littoralis, L. longifolius, L. ludovicianus, L. luteolus, L. magnificus, L. malacophyllus, L. nanus, L. neomexicanus, L. nevadensis, L. nipomensis, L. nootkatensis, L. obtusilobus, L. odoratus, L. onustus, L. oreganus, L. pachylobus, L. padrecrowleyi, L. peirsonii, L. perennis, L. polyphyllus, L. pratensis, L. pusillus, L. rivularis, L. sabineanus, L. sericatus, L. sericeus, L. shockleyi, L. sierrae-blancae, L. sparsiflorus, L. spectabilis, L. stiversii, L. subcarnosus, L. succulentus, L. sulphureus, L. texensis, L. tidestromii, L. tracyi, L. truncatus, L. uncialis, L. villosus, L. westianus
Subordinate taxa
L. microcarpus var. densiflorus, L. microcarpus var. horizontalis, L. microcarpus var. microcarpus
Synonyms L. arboreus var. eximius, L. propinquus
Name authority Sims: Bot. Mag. 18: plate 682. (1803) Sims: Bot. Mag. 50: plate 2413. (1823)
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