Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus malacophyllus |
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coastal bush lupine, tree lupine, yellow bush lupine |
jawleaf lupine |
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Habit | Shrubs, usually 5–20 dm, green-glabrous or silver-hairy. | Herbs, annual, 0.7–1.6 dm, softly villous, with fine, spreading hairs, hairs more than 1 mm. |
Stems | ascending or erect, branched, woody. |
ascending or erect, branched or unbranched. |
Leaves | cauline; stipules 8–12 mm; petiole 2–3(–6) cm; leaflets 5–12, blades 20–60 × 3–10 mm, adaxial surface glabrous. |
basal and cauline; stipules well developed; petiole 1.5–4.5 cm; leaflets 5–7, blades 7–22 × 3–6 mm, adaxial surface softly villous. |
Racemes | 10–30 cm; flowers whorled or not. |
well exserted, several–many-flowered, 3–7 cm; flowers crowded, whorled proximally, becoming spirally arranged distally. |
Peduncles | 4–10 cm; bracts deciduous, 8–10 mm. |
2–5.5 cm; bracts persistent, 5–7 mm. |
Pedicels | 4–10 mm. |
2–4 mm. |
Flowers | 14–18 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire, 5–7 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 5–9 mm; corolla usually yellow, rarely lilac to purple, banner patch darker or not or white, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate from claw to tip. |
8–10 mm; calyx 5–8 mm, lobes unequal, adaxial lobe less than 1/2 as long as abaxial; corolla blue or whitish and blue-tipped, keel glabrous. |
Legumes | 4–7 cm, hairy. |
not obviously undulate, 1–1.3 cm, softly villous-pilose. |
Cotyledons | deciduous, petiolate. |
persistent or deciduous, disclike, sessile, leaving a circular scar. |
Seeds | 8–12, black to tan, often striped lighter, 4–5 mm. |
2. |
2n | = 48. |
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Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus malacophyllus |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | Flowering spring–early summer (mid Apr–Jun). |
Habitat | Coastal bluffs, dunes, disturbed sand. | Colonial in openings among sagebrush on sandy or gravelly flats and foothill slopes. |
Elevation | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) | 1400–1800 m. (4600–5900 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California) [Introduced in South America (Argentina, Chile), Europe, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia (including Tasmania)]
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NV |
Discussion | Lupinus arboreus is known from the central California coast southward to northern Baja California; it was introduced as a sand binder and has become naturalized in northern California, Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia. Lupinus arboreus grades into L. rivularis in the North Coast of California. Plants with yellow petals and sweet-smelling flowers are widely cultivated as a sand binder. Hairier plants from the western San Francisco Bay area with yellow banners and blue wings have been called var. eximius; plants with glabrous leaflets and purple petals have been called L. propinquus. Lupinus arboreus hybridizes with L. littoralis and probably other species. Seeds of L. arboreus species are toxic. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Lupinus malacophyllus is known from Washoe and adjacent counties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. arboreus var. eximius, L. propinquus | |
Name authority | Sims: Bot. Mag. 18: plate 682. (1803) | Greene: Pittonia 1: 215. (1888) |
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