Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus longifolius |
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coastal bush lupine, tree lupine, yellow bush lupine |
long leaf bush lupine |
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Habit | Shrubs, usually 5–20 dm, green-glabrous or silver-hairy. | Shrubs, 10–15 dm, usually greenish, soft-short-hairy. |
Stems | ascending or erect, branched, woody. |
erect, clustered, branched. |
Leaves | cauline; stipules 8–12 mm; petiole 2–3(–6) cm; leaflets 5–12, blades 20–60 × 3–10 mm, adaxial surface glabrous. |
cauline; stipules 5–14 mm; petiole 4–7(–10) cm; leaflets 5–10, blades 30–60 × 6–12 mm, adaxial surface pubescent. |
Racemes | 10–30 cm; flowers whorled or not. |
20–45 cm; flowers ± whorled or not. |
Peduncles | 4–10 cm; bracts deciduous, 8–10 mm. |
5–12 cm; bracts deciduous, 4–11 mm. |
Pedicels | 4–10 mm. |
5–10 mm. |
Flowers | 14–18 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire, 5–7 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 5–9 mm; corolla usually yellow, rarely lilac to purple, banner patch darker or not or white, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate from claw to tip. |
12–18 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire, 10–15 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 8–10 mm; corolla violet to blue, banner patch yellowish to white or absent, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate middle to tip. |
Legumes | 4–7 cm, hairy. |
dark, 4–6 cm, hairy. |
Cotyledons | deciduous, petiolate. |
deciduous, petiolate. |
Seeds | 8–12, black to tan, often striped lighter, 4–5 mm. |
6–8, brownish to gray, 5–6 mm. |
2n | = 48. |
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Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus longifolius |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Coastal bluffs, dunes, disturbed sand. | Coastal sage scrub, chaparral, coastal bluffs, inland canyons. |
Elevation | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) | 0–500 m. (0–1600 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California) [Introduced in South America (Argentina, Chile), Europe, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia (including Tasmania)]
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CA; Mexico (Baja California)
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Discussion | Lupinus arboreus is known from the central California coast southward to northern Baja California; it was introduced as a sand binder and has become naturalized in northern California, Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia. Lupinus arboreus grades into L. rivularis in the North Coast of California. Plants with yellow petals and sweet-smelling flowers are widely cultivated as a sand binder. Hairier plants from the western San Francisco Bay area with yellow banners and blue wings have been called var. eximius; plants with glabrous leaflets and purple petals have been called L. propinquus. Lupinus arboreus hybridizes with L. littoralis and probably other species. Seeds of L. arboreus species are toxic. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Lupinus longifolius occurs in southwestern California and adjacent Baja California. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. arboreus var. eximius, L. propinquus | L. chamissonis var. longifolius, L. albifrons var. longifolius, L. mollisifolius |
Name authority | Sims: Bot. Mag. 18: plate 682. (1803) | (S. Watson) Abrams: Fl. Los Angeles, 209. (1904) |
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